AUM:C58 Archaeology The archaeology collection consists of two specific groups: the Cypriot collection and prehistoric material. Both are useful reference collections. The Cypriot material comprises over 180 artefacts. The prehistoric material, in total around 650 artefacts, represents donations by A.D. Lacaille, H.W. Seton-Karr, and D. Waterston. The Lacaille material represents the academic interests of the eminent pre-historian A.D. Lacaille in the Palaeolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic periods. It consists of Lower Palaeolithic material from southern England (flint handaxes and other artefacts), and Upper Palaeolithic material from France (including scrapers, burins, flakes and cores). The Seton-Karr material comprises a small number of Palaeolithic artefacts from Somaliland and southern Africa. The Waterston donation includes Lower Palaeolithic artefacts from southern England, but is most noteworthy for its series of flints found in the 1880s at Happisburgh, Norfolk. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews world archaeology CYPRIOT Palaeolithic Prehistoric flints handaxes scrapers burins flakes cores Europe, Cyprus Europe, United Kingdom, England Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland Europe, France Africa, Somaliland Southern Africa LACAILLE, Armand Donald SETON-KARR, H. W. D. Waterston MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA , the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. AUM:C58 47795 AUM:C83 Cypriot collection The majority of the Cypriot collection, around 170 artefacts, was given to the University of St Andrews in 1994 by Mrs. Margaret Bridges. The collection was formed in the 1960s when Mrs. Bridges and her husband lived in Cyprus. The artefacts provide a wide-ranging illustration of the material culture of Cyprus, including Bronze Age and Iron Age pottery, ancient clay figurines, Roman lamps and glassware and also medieval pottery. en-GB Collection Donated to University of St Andrews by Margaret Bridges world archaeology EDUCATION pottery figurine lamp glassware Europe, Cyprus BRIDGES, Margaret E.R. MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA, the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. AUM:C83 47795 AUM:C84 Flints The prehistoric flint collection, in total around 650 artefacts, represents donations by A.D. Lacaille, H.W. Seton-Karr, and D. Waterston. The Lacaille material represents the academic interests of the eminent pre-historian A.D. Lacaille in the Palaeolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic periods. It consists of Lower Palaeolithic material from southern England (flint handaxes and other artefacts), and Upper Palaeolithic material from France (including scrapers, burins, flakes and cores). The Seton-Karr material comprises a small number of Palaeolithic artefacts from Somaliland and southern Africa. The Waterston donation includes Lower Palaeolithic artefacts from southern England, but is most noteworthy for its series of flints found in the 1880s at Happisburgh, Norfolk. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews world archaeology EDUCATION flints scrapers hand axes flakes burins cores Europe, France Europe, United Kingdom, England Africa, Somaliland Europe, United Kingdom, England, Dorset LACAILLE, Armand Donald SETON-KARR, H. W. D. Waterson MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA, the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. AUM:C84 47795 BP:C49 Bell Pettigrew Museum The Bell Pettigrew Museum houses, in its extensive display areas and stores, the University’s zoology collection of c. 13,500 specimens, plus a small collection of related scientific instruments. The Bell Pettigrew Museum is a rare survival of a Victorian teaching museum and, as such, an important representation of a type of institution that has now largely been lost. Collecting continues, and the collections are actively used for teaching and research purposes. The zoological specimens include both wet (specimens preserved in fluid) and dry material (including stuffed skins, shells, insects, eggs, fossils and dried material such as starfish, etc.). Collectively, the specimens represent the 36 phyla, including Poriphera, Mollusca, Nematoda, Annelida, Crustacea and Echinodermata among the 35 invertebrate phyla. Many specimens come from the phylum Chordata, which includes the fishes, reptiles, amphibians, birds and mammals. The specimens are organised to allow the evolutionary and taxonomic relationships between animals to be clearly understood in the light of the characteristics defining each phylum. They include several type specimens, examples of extinct species and other items of major importance e.g. specimens collected by Alfred Russel Wallace, the famous 19th century naturalist who, with Darwin, proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection; and fossil fish excavated throughout the 19th century at Dura Den, several species of which were new to science, and which fuelled the debate on evolution. The collections comprehensively illustrate the natural environment. They also reflect developments in science e.g. the theory of evolution, mechanisms of hereditary, DNA, etc, which underlay human progress. They relate in part to the work of the renowned St Andrews professors of Natural History William Carmichael McIntosh (1838-1931), D’Arcy Wentworth Thompson (1860-1948), and H.G. Callan (1917-1993), among others: Thompson is regarded as the father of bio-mathematics, and Callan internationally renowned for his work on lampbrush chromosomes. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews ZOOLOGY BELL PETTIGREW, SIR JAMES THOMPSON, D'ARCY WENTWORTH MCINTOSH, WILLIAM CARMICHAEL CALLAN, H.G. WALLACE, Alfred Russel Mammals FISH BIRDS Insects Sponges SKELETON fossil Coral vertebrate invertebrate AFRICA Europe, United Kingdom, England Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland Australia ASIA North America SOUTH AMERICA MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA, the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. BP:C49 47795 BP:C50 Mammals The Bell Pettigrew museum holds a wide range of mammal specimens, including some primates and marsupials. Mammal specimens include part and skeletal remains as well as complete examples. Among the mammals represented in the museum are rarer species such as a Himalayan Cat-Bear, an Ethiopian wart-hog and a skeleton of a Malayan Tapir while more well known animals such as rabbits, hedgehogs, rats, common dormice and dogs (in the form of a skeleton of a greyhound) are also on display. Extinct specimens on display include a thylacine (Tasmanian wolf) and St Kilda house-mouse. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews ZOOLOGY mammal THOMPSON, SIR D'ARCY WENTWORTH Mammals AFRICA Europe, United Kingdom, England Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland Australia ASIA North America SOUTH AMERICA Europe MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA, the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. BP:C50 47795 BP:C51 Birds The Bell Pettigrew Museum holds a large collection of birds, bird skeletons and birds eggs from around the world. Amongst the specimens is a quetzal (Pharomachrus mocinno), a rare and endangered species that comes from South America. It was presented to the Museum by Dr Albert Gunther, Keeper of Zoology at the British Museum, along with 45 other bird specimens, all of which came originally from the collections of Alfred Russel Wallace, the eminent naturalists who, with Charles Darwin, was a co-inventor of the theory of evolution by natural selection. As well as a general bird section containing examples of Herons, Grouse, Flamingos (with eggs), Storks and a Rhinoceros Hornbill the bird collection has been sub-divided into geographical areas, with a separate display on flightless birds. Geographically the collection has been split into three sections, Asian, America (North and South) and native British birds. Among the Asian birds are Cuckoos, Jungle Fowl, Thrushes, Kingfishers, Bee-eaters and Sun birds. For America we have Cotingas, Ant birds’, Tyrant Fly Catchers, Trogens, Parrots, Mot Mots and Red Wings. Finally native British birds include several types of Duck, Owls, Game birds, Gulls and birds of prey, including an example of a white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla). As a result of habitat loss and persecution the white-tailed eagle became extinct in Scotland in 1918. A reintroduction programme, started in the 1959, allowed it to make a successful return. It is now Britain's largest bird, with females weighing up to 7 kg and having a wingspan of nearly 2.5 metres. The Museum holds 8 dodo bones, as well as casts of bones of the dodo. These bones are extremely important as, surprisingly, given the fame of the dodo, very few specimens of dodos survive and none are complete (for example, of the dodo acquired, as part of Elias Ashmole's collection, by Oxford University, just a mummified head and foot now remain). The dodo, a flightless bird, was discovered by Europeans on the island of Mauritius in 1598. Human intervention in its environment, from deliberate hunting to the destruction of the birds' habitat and the destruction of their eggs by cats, dogs and pigs introduced to the island, resulted in its extinction by about 1680. The eight dodo bones (Mauritius), and 11 solitaire bones (Rodriguez) in the Bell Pettigrew Museum were donated by Alfred Newton (1827-1907), Professor of Zoology at Cambridge University. His brother Sir Edward Newton was a colonial administrator on Mauritius 1859-77, and he sent back solitaire and dodo bones for study. The Museum also holds two bones of the extinct Aepyornis ('elephant bird') from Madagascar. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews ZOOLOGY BIRDS BIRD Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland Europe, United Kingdom, England SOUTH AMERICA North America ASIA GUNTHER, Albert WALLACE, Alfred Russel MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA, the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. BP:C51 47795 BP:C52 Fossils Fossils form an important part of the collections of the Bell Pettigrew Museum as they help us to understand the history of the Earth and the life upon it. Two display cases are dedicated to fossils. One contains fossils found at Dura Den, a small village approximately 6 miles from St Andrews. There, under 300 feet of yellow sandstone, several examples of extinct lobe-finned fish and lung fish, and the coelacanth were excavated, after the initial discovery of fossils there in 1827. Excavations of fossils of fishes were made at Dura Den at various times in the 19th century, including during an excavation in 1861 funded by the British Association and supervised by Matthew Forster Heddle, a founding member of the Mineralogical Society, London and President of the Geological Society of Edinburgh who was to become Professor of Chemistry at the University of St Andrews, 1862-1883. (One of the new species of fish discovered, Gyroptychius heddlei, was named for Heddle). The fossils excited much interest. Several species of fishes that were new to science were discovered, and their extraordinary preservation allowed detailed research and accurate anatomical reconstructions. The fishes were examined by several prominent scientists, including Lyell and Agassiz, and their bone structures fuelled the debate on evolution. In the second case there is an assortment of fossils from around the world including Ammonite Titanites giganticus (about 140 million years old) found in Dorset; Madagascan fossil wood (225 million years old); and a primitive marine oephalopod possessing a shell from Morocco (380 million years old). en-GB Collection University of St Andrews GEOLOGY ZOOLOGY fossil fossil Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, Dura Den Europe, United Kingom, Scotland Europe, United Kingdom, England Europe, United Kingdom, England, Dorset MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA, the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. BP:C52 47795 BP:C53 Sponges Among the sponge specimens in the collections of the Bell Pettigrew Museum is a superb example of a Venus' Flower Basket (Euplectella aspergillum), a species of glass sponge first described by the great Victorian anatomist Richard Owen in 1841. The inner cavity of the Euplectella aspergillum is often the home of a pair of small symbiotic shrimp; once the shrimp grow they can never leave, and so the sponge was often given as a symbolic wedding present. Euplectella grows in the seas around Japan and the Philippines and is made up of a series of threads of glass-like fibres. These fibres, which can transmit light, have been much studied and are the basis of current research into fibre-optics. Other examples of sponges in the Museum include a Neptune’s Goblet, and a Pheronema Carpenteri, as well as a Glass-Rope sponge from Japan and a native Scottish sponge, Stylocalyx thomsoni Marshall found off the cost of Shetland. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews ZOOLOGY sponge sponge Philippines Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland Asia, Japan MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA, the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. BP:C53 47795 BP:C54 Corals The Bell Pettigrew Museum holds a small but significant collection of Corals. This includes a large and impressive Brain-coral (so-called because its shape resembles a brain). The collection also contains cnidarian corals which are responsible for building the huge reefs such as Australia’s Great Barrier Reef. There are also examples of the Dovonia Cactus, the Lophohelia Prolifera (found off the coast of Florida at a depth of around 227 to 434 feet), the Flabellum, the Amphilaphs Regularis (a native of the Nightingale Islands) and the Manicina areolata found around the Bahamas. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews ZOOLOGY Coral Coral Australia United States Caribbean, Bahamas MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA, the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. BP:C54 47795 BP:C63 Molluscs We have a significant collection of molluscs both prserved as fluid specimens and as shells. Shells from all over the world are represented in the Bell Pettigrew Museum. Amongst them are a Moonshell from Japan, a Top-shell from the Red Sea, an Atlantic Vase and a Queen Conch from the West Indies as well as Limpets from South Africa and Chile. Also present are rare or uncommon shells such as the Precious Wentletrap and the Cymbiolena magnifica. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews ZOOLOGY shells Molluscs Asia, Japan South America, Chile Africa, South Africa RED SEA MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA, the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. BP:C63 47795 BP:C64 Insects There is a large collection of insect specimens within the Bell Pettigrew Museum. These include insects in various stages of development as well as mature specimens. Representatives of the major insect groups are there including moths, silk and hawk, butterflies, papilionoidea and lepidoptera, several species of flies, beetles, mosquitoes, lice, ants, earwigs, bees, grasshoppers, locusts, crickets and wasps. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews ZOOLOGY Insects Insects Africa, Ethiopia Europe, United Kingdom, England Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland Australia Asia, Malaya North America SOUTH AMERICA MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA, the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. BP:C64 47795 BP:C65 Fish The Bell Pettigrew Museum contains a large section on fish, displayed in various forms. For example there are skeletal remains of a Nile catfish, the skull of a cod and the upper and lower jaws of a tiger shark. Along with these are many bottled remains including those of a wolfish or sea cat, a trumpet fish and a 3-spined stickleback. Possible the most magnificent specimens are those of preserved complete fish and include a hammerhead shark, an Antarctic Scordaenid, a Sapphirine Gunard, an Indian Ocean Leather fish, a Tropical Dolphin fish and a North Atlantic haddock. Held in the collection is a Banks’ Oarfish (Regalecus banksii), which is thought of as one of the treasures of the museum. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews ZOOLOGY FISH FISH Africa, Egypt Europe, United Kingdom, England Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland Australia Asia, Malaya North America SOUTH AMERICA antarctica MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA, the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. BP:C65 47795 BP:C66 Reptiles and amphibians A variety of specimens of reptiles and amphibians can be found in the Bell Pettigrew Museum. Amongst the specimens on display are a green or common turtle and a giant tortoise from the Galapagos Islands. Fully grown adult giant tortoise can weigh over 300 kilograms (661 lb) and measure 1.2 meters (4 ft) long. They are long-lived, with a life expectancy in the wild estimated to be 100 -150 years. Populations have fallen dramatically due to hunting and the introduction of predators and grazers by humans since the 17th century. Snakes are also represented with cobras, rat and python (in skeletal form) snakes on display. Among the frogs and lizards are a hairy frog from Africa, a gecko and a green lizard. One of the more dramatic objects is a preserved West African crocodile. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews ZOOLOGY Reptiles Reptiles and amphibians galapagos islands Europe, United Kingdom, England Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland Australia ASIA North America SOUTH AMERICA University of St Andrews MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA, the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. BP:C66 47795 BP:C67 Invertebrates A magnificent Giant Spider crab is among the many invertebrates on display at the Bell Pettigrew museum. It is one of two bought by Sir D’Arcy Wentworth Thompson at a market in Japan and brought back to St Andrews; and is the biggest invertebrate on display. Other crabs on display include the smaller hermit, northern and lesser bear crabs. Urchins and starfish are also well represented with common starfish such as the common sunstar, the buthorn starfish (found in British waters) and the more exotic West Indian reticulated starfish. Also present are lobster, preserved in bottles, many different types of barnacles as well as the venomous scorpion. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews ZOOLOGY invertebrates invertebrates AFRICA Europe, United Kingdom, England Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland Australia ASIA North America SOUTH AMERICA MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA, the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. BP:C67 47795 BP:C68 Alfred Russel Wallace Alfred Russel Wallace (1823-1913) was a naturalist, evolutionary theorist and social critic. He undertook a collecting expedition in the Amazon, 1848-52, but his specimens were lost when the ship carrying them sank. He later travelled to the Malay Archipelago, observing and collecting. While recovering from a bout of malaria in the Moluccas in February 1858, he realized that natural selection could serve as the mechanism of evolution. He wrote a short paper which he sent to Charles Darwin for his comments. Wallace's paper and extracts from Darwin's unpublished writings were read at the Linnean Society on 1st July 1858, and Wallace is regarded, with Darwin, as the co-inventor of the theory of evolution by natural selection. Dr Albert Gunther, Keeper of the Zoology at the British Museum, presented 46 birds originally from the collections of Wallace to the Bell Pettigrew Museum, where Gunther's brother-in-law, William Carmichael McIntosh, was Director. These include a resplendant quetzal (Pharomachrus mocinno). en-GB Collection University of St Andrews ZOOLOGY BIRDS BIRDS Asia, Indonesia SOUTH AMERICA WALLACE, Alfred Russell MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA, the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. BP:C68 47795 BP:C76 Zoological Instruments The Bell Pettigrew Museum contains a small but important collection of instruments, particularly microscopes, used in Biology at the University of St Andrews over the past century. These include a microscope inscribed 'Bell Pettigrew Museum' which must have been bought as part of the original equipment for the Museum in the early 20th century. There are late 19th century microscopes dating from the time of William Carmichael McIntosh, and an R. and J. Beck simple microscope used by D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson. Particularly worthy of note are the microscopes associated with the work of the zoology department under H.G. Callan. These include early inverted microscopes by Cooke, Troughton and Simms of York made to special order. These are some of the earliest inverted microscopes made and are important in the history of microscopy. There is also a radiometer pH meter that was used for 50 years in the Gatty Marine Laboratory after its purchase in the 1930s. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews ZOOLOGY MICROSCOPE SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews University of St Andrews MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA (The Museum of the University of St Andrews), the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. BP:C76 47795 BP:C79 Microscope Slides A vast range of plant and animal slides have been produced in the University since around 1840. This collection of glass zoological mounts include a variety of biological material such as annelida larval forms, porifera, anoplura, and a range of epidural scales and feathers. They were created, acquired, contributed and used by staff and students including Professors William Carmichael McIntosh, D’Arcy Wentworth Thompson and Harold Garnet Callan, and Dr David Burt. The collection also houses examples from some of the most exceptional international commercial microscopical mounters including Charles Baker, Richard Suter, Fredrick Enock, Johann Dietrich Moller, Fritz Meyer of the Statzione Zoologica and Harris Biological Supplies. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews ZOOLOGY EDUCATION MICROSCOPE slide slide Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews Europe, United Kingom, Scotland MCINTOSH, William Carmichael THOMPSON, D'Arcy Wentworth CALLAN, Harold Garnet BURT, David MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA (the Museum of the University of St Andrews), the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. BP:C79 47795 BP:C80 William Carmichael McIntosh William Carmichael McIntosh (1838-1931), Professor of Natural History at the University of St Andrews, 1882-1917, was for many years Director of the Bell Pettigrew Museum and the University Museum which preceded it. He carried out pioneering research into marine annelid worms and the life cycles of food-fishes. He established Britain’s first marine laboratory in St Andrews in 1884, and for ten years this was the national headquarters for marine zoology and fisheries research: its successor laboratory, the Gatty Marine Laboratory, founded in 1896, still operates as a leading teaching and research institution within the University. McIntosh published various influential works on zoology, including the renowned seven volume Monograph of the British Marine Annelids (1873-1923). His sister Roberta McIntosh, a talented artist who was to marry Albert Gunther, provided many of the illustrations. Her original watercolours are held in the University Library's Special Collections department. McIntosh did much to build up the Bell Pettigrew Museum's very comprehensive collection of marine animals. The Museum also holds a large number of his zoological slides containing microscopic specimens. McIntosh was a man of strong Christian beliefs and some of his slides are prepared with decorative Biblical texts around the specimen window. He did not fully embrace Darwin’s theory of evolution. However, he did not publicly criticise Darwin, and even described him as ‘a good naturalist’ after they corresponded about earthworms. McIntosh was sent samples obtained during the Challenger expedition for analysis, and nearly 100 specimens from the expedition remain in the Museum. From 1872-76 HMS Challenger undertook the first major survey of the world's oceans. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews ZOOLOGY annelid FISH Bell Pettigrew Museum Challenger Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews Europe, United Kingom, Scotland MCINTOSH, William Carmichael MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA (the Museum of the University of St Andrews), the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. BP:C80 47795 BP:C81 Harold Callan H.G. (Mick) Callan (1917-1993) was appointed to the Chair of Natural History in 1950, at the age of just 33, holding the post for 32 years. His research focused on chromosomes, and he made extremely important scientific breakthroughs through his analyses of lampbrush chromosomes, in particular contributing to understanding of how chromosomes are constructed and function in their 'lampbrush' form to prepare the unfertilised egg for subsequent development into a complex multi-cellular organism. He was prominent in the first wave of cell biologists following on from the discovery of the structure of DNA by Watson and Crick in the early 1950s. One of his students demonstrated that DNA is linear along the chromosome, not present in packets with protein spacers as some believed. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews ZOOLOGY slide MICROSCOPE CHROMOSOMES Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews Europe, United Kingom, Scotland CALLAN, Harold Garnet MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA (the Museum of the University of St Andrews), the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. BP:C81 47795 BP:C82 D’Arcy Wentworth Thompson D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson held the Chair of Biology at Dundee from 1884-1917 before becoming Professor of Natural History at the University of St Andrews from 1917 until his death in 1948. A renowned polymath, he was a Greek scholar and mathematician as well as a naturalist. Thompson produced over 300 scientific articles and books. His seminal work, On Growth and Form, was published in 1917. In it, he argued that biological form very largely reflects physical and mathematical principles. He claimed that animals and plants could be understood in terms of pure mathematics. He demonstrated that mathematical functions could be applied to drawings of organisms to transform their shapes into those of related species, and considered how this discovery could be related to an understanding of evolution and developmental mechanisms. One of his most striking examples involves the use of linear and non-linear functions to alter a drawing of a human skull into the skull-shapes of other primates. Thompson's work, which is of international renown, laid the foundations for future research in bio-mathematics. Thompson served as Scientific Advisor to the Fishery Board for Scotland and as British Representative on the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. He was responsible for planning and co-ordinating investigations of tides, currents, sea temperatures and salinities, and migrations of marine life. To this end he purchased a trawler (H.M.S. Goldseeker) in 1902 and had her fitted out as a biological and hydrographical research vessel. Thompson also carried out work on seal fur fisheries on behalf of the British government. He was knighted in 1937. Thompson was a popular and entertaining lecturer, and is still fondly remembered by older alumni and townspeople. While at St. Andrews, D’Arcy built up the Bell Pettigrew Museum of Natural History and added considerably to its displays, collecting material from all over the world. Several specimens collected by him are on display in the Bell Pettigrew Museum, (including a huge Japanese spider crab - an example of the largest living arthropod - bought in a fishing market in Japan during his Bering Sea expedition), while others are held in storage. The material includes whale foetuses obtained by Thompson from whaling skippers in Dundee. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews; D'Arcy Thompson ZOOLOGY Bell Pettigrew Museum slide MICROSCOPE shell crab Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews Europe, United Kingom, Scotland D’Arcy Wentworth Thompson MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA (the Museum of the University of St Andrews), the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. BP:C82 47795 BP:C83 Whaling equipment Within the Bell Pettigrew Museum is displayed a collection of whaling equipment. There are bladed flensing tools, all those on display showing the mark of Robert Sorby – the firm of Sorby, first listed in 1828, played an important role in the development of the cutlery trade in Sheffield, but also made axes, scythes, flensing knives, etc. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews ZOOLOGY whaling Bell Pettigrew Museum THOMPSON, D'ARCY WENTWORTH MCINTOSH, WILLIAM CARMICHAEL Whaling equipment Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA (the Museum of the University of St Andrews), the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. BP:C83 47795 CH:C41 Chemistry Collection The teaching of chemistry as a distinct subject in the University of St Andrews began in 1811, when Robert Briggs, the new Professor of Medicine, was requested to teach Chemistry and Chemical Pharmacy. Dr John Gray of Cupar (died 1811) had bequeathed £1,500 to found a Chair of Chemistry; however, it took some time for funds to accumulate sufficiently to endow the Chair, and it was not established until 1840, when Arthur Connell was appointed as the first Professor. The Chemistry Collection contains around 1100 items, mainly chemical apparatus and samples, illustrating the development of teaching and research in the field of chemistry at the University of St. Andrews. The Collection includes some important early chemical glassware, dating from the late 18th or early 19th century. There are around 900 sugar samples produced by Thomas Purdie, Professor of Chemistry (1885-1909) and his successor James Colquhoun Irvine (1909-20) in their ground-breaking research on naturally occurring sugars. There are also associated artworks and medals. The Chemistry Collection is a Recognised Collection of National Significance. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews CHEMISTRY sugar sample IRVINE, JAMES PURDIE, THOMAS glassware SUGAR SAMPLES chemical glassware artworks and prints medals chemical apparatus Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews Europe, United Kingom, Scotland University of St Andrews MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA (the Museum of the University of St Andrews), the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. CH:C41 47795 CH:C42 Sugar Samples There was much research on naturally-occurring sugars in the chemistry department of the University of St Andrews during the early years of the 20th century. The work was begun by Thomas Purdie, Professor of Chemistry 1885-1909, and continued by his successor, James Colquhoun Irvine, Professor of Chemistry 1909-1920 and Principal of the University 1921-1952. Through the use of chemical reagents, Irvine unravelled the structure of a number of sugar molecules and confirmed the existence of rings of atoms. This discovery was to have important consequences for understanding the chemical properties of sugar at a molecular level and contributed, eventually, to the elucidation of the correct structure of DNA. Irvine discovered several new sugars and made chemical derivatives of them. The University holds over 900 sugar samples produced during this research, some of which are unique. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews CHEMISTRY PURDIE, THOMAS sugars IRVINE, JAMES SUGAR SAMPLES Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews Europe, United Kingom, Scotland PURDIE, Thomas IRVINE, James Colquhoun MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA (the Museum of the University of St Andrews), the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. CH:C42 47795 CH:C43 Chemical Glassware The Chemistry Collection contains 10 items of early glassware, dating from the late 18th or early 19th century. It is likely that they are part of the earliest equipment of the chemistry class at the University of St Andrews. In 1811, the University spent £225.19.6 on acquiring for its newly founded chemistry class the apparatus of Dr Thomas Thomson, formerly a private lecturer in chemistry in Edinburgh and later Professor of Chemistry at Glasgow. The equipment was purchased through the Edinburgh dealer and instrument maker Alexander Allan: a bill, dated 7 October 1811, itemising the items bought, survives in the University archives (UYSM110 MB F37). en-GB Collection University of St Andrews CHEMISTRY glassware chemical glassware Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews Europe, United Kingom, Scotland University of St Andrews MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA (the Museum of the University of St Andrews), the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. CH:C43 47795 CH:C44 Chemistry Artwork The University has a small but significant collection of artworks connected to chemistry. This includes oil portraits of the Chemistry Professors Robert Briggs, Thomas Purdie and James Irvine, and a bust of Purdie. There are prints of works by James Gillray and Thomas Rowlandson, both political / satirical cartoonists. Gillray's 'Scientific Researches! - New Discoveries in PNEUMATICKS! - Or - an Experimental Lecture on the Powers of Air' has as it's setting the Royal Institution and satirises recent discoveries in science, which allowed gases to be collected and characterised: among the figures depicted are Count Romford, who founded the Royal Institution, Humphrey Davy, who discovered the anaesthetic effect of nitrous oxide (laughing gas), Sir John Hippisley and Dr Thomas Garnett. There is also a series of paintings and prints of alchemical scenes, some after David Teniers, probably collected by John Read, Professor of Chemistry 1923-1963, who had an interest in the history of chemistry and alchemy. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews CHEMISTRY Art painting print Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews Europe, United Kingom, Scotland Europe, United Kingdom, England University of St Andrews MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA (the Museum of the University of St Andrews), the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. CH:C44 47795 CH:C45 Chemistry Medals The Chemistry Collection contains various medals relating to chemistry. These range from class medals, such as those awarded to Edward J. Balfour in 1897 and Vera Black, 1913-14, for performance in the University’s chemistry class, to prestigious awards presented to eminent chemists. The research of James Irvine (Professor of Chemistry 1909-20), who worked on carbohydrates and the chemistry of sugars, was widely acclaimed. Medals presented to Irvine now held in the Collection include: Carnegie Corporation medal, 1927; Elliot Cresson Medal (awarded by the Franklin Institute, Pennsylvania), 1929; William Gibbs medal (awarded by the Chicago Section of the American Chemical Society), 1926; the Royal Society's Humphry Davy medal, 1925; the Marcelin Berthelot medal, 1901. There is also a bronze medal produced to commemorate the centennial of the birth of Marcelin Berthelot (1827-1907). en-GB Collection University of St Andrews CHEMISTRY medal IRVINE, JAMES Numismatics medal Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews Europe, United Kingom, Scotland University of St Andrews MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA (the Museum of the University of St Andrews), the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. CH:C45 47795 CH:C46 Chemistry Equipment The Chemistry Collection contains a broad selection of equipment and apparatus used in the teaching of chemistry from 1811, from balances and polarimeters to glassware and retorts. Of particular interest is a rare mid-18th century chemical balance, made by George Adams of London; glassware from the late 18th or early 19th century; and a compound microscope used by the eminent chemist James Irvine (1877-1952), who worked in carbohydrate chemistry and elucidated the structure of several sugars. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews CHEMISTRY EDUCATION glassware balance MICROSCOPE CHEMICAL BALANCE Chemistry Equipment Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews Europe, United Kingom, Scotland University of St Andrews MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA (the Museum of the University of St Andrews), the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. CH:C46 47795 ET:C15 Ethnography In the 18th century a collection of ‘curiosities’ began to grow in the University Library, St Andrews. This included many ethnographic specimens, often sent to the University by former students and other benefactors employed abroad on civil or military service. In 1838, the ‘curiosities’ (as they were then referred to) were transferred to the newly founded joint Museum of the University of St Andrews and the Literary and Philosophical Society of St Andrews. The ethnographic holdings of the Museum steadily grew, largely through donations. The collections were transferred into the sole ownership of the University in 1904, where new material continued to be added. Although many items have been lost over the past three centuries, several early pieces survive, including a bark basket of North American Algonquin origin said to have been presented in 1728. Inventories of early material remain in the University’s archives, including lists of the items transferred in 1838 and the accessions register of the joint Museum. en-GB Collection From the 18th century, ethnographic specimens were among the artefacts and 'curiosities' gathered in the University Library. In 1838, the 'curiosities' (as they were then known), including the ethnographic material, were transferred to the joint Museum of the University of St Andrews and the Literary and Philosophical Society of St Andrews. The collections were transferred into the sole ownership of the University in 1904. New ethnographic material has continued to be added to the collection. ETHNOGRAPHIC North America AFRICA SOUTH AMERICA Australia ASIA India Melanesia New Zealand NORTH AFRICA Polynesia non-western ethnography Ceramics AXE BRACELET sculpture painting spears hammer stones flints STELE thangka BARK BASKET KODJA WAR CLUB TAAP North America AFRICA SOUTH AMERICA Australia ASIA Asia, India Melanesia New Zealand Africa, North Africa Polynesia Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews Tibet University of St Andrews MC:C48 Fardon, Richard, A Short Guide to the University of St Andrews' Ethnographic Collection, St Andrews, 1988 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA, the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. ET:C15 47795 ET:C16 Amerindian material The Amerindian collection contains 139 objects. The collection is largely made up of South American archaeological and ethnographic material, and includes some important Inca and early Peruvian items donated by Fleming Bremner in 1908. It is complemented by a collecton of 31 artefacts, on loan from a private individual. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews spears AMERINDIAN INCA hammer stones Ceramics necklaces BULL jugs silver discs copper discs flints axe heads BREMNER, FLEMING PERU North America SOUTH AMERICA ETHNOGRAPHIC non-western ethnography spears hammer stones Ceramics necklaces PUCARA BULL silver discs copper discs flints axe heads South America,Peru North America SOUTH AMERICA Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews BREMNER, Fleming MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA (the Museum of the University of St Andrews), the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. ET:C16 47795 ET:C17 African material The African ethnographic material includes Nuer cattle bells, stone axe heads, iron tipped wooden spears from East Africa and an ivory bracelet. A wooden club and a hide whip were donated by Reverend Alex Ferguson in June 1987 but collected by his mother in Kenya prior to 1910; Reverend Ferguson also donated material acquired while he was a missionary in Calabar in the mid 20th century. A notable addition to the collection in 1997 was the bequest of material relating to the Toka, Maasai, Berti, Bemba, Gwembe Tonga and other African peoples, acquired by Professor Ladislav Holy during his fieldwork. en-GB Collection The material was largely donated to the University of St Andrews during the 20th century. A notable bequest was the collection built up by Ladislav Holy, Professor of Social Anthropology, University of St Andrews, during fieldwork in Africa. club whip brass figures BRACELET axe head spears AFRICA ETHNOGRAPHIC non-western ethnography NUER Maasai TOKA BERTI BEMBA GWEMBE TONGA club whip brass figures axe head spears OX BELL AFRICA Africa, Kenya Africa, Calabar Africa, Rhodesia Africa, Nyasaland Africa, Makurdie Africa, Northern Nigeria Africa, East Africa Africa, West Africa Africa, Antilles FERGUSON, Alex COX, E. SMITH, Captain KENWORTHY, James HOLY, Ladislav MC:C48 Fardon, Richard, A Short Guide to the University of St Andrews' Ethnographic Collection, St Andrews, 1988 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA, the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. ET:C17 47795 ET:C18 Aleut and Inuit material This is a small collection containing a spear thrower or caster, two harpoon heads (one iron-tipped) and a wood and bone scraper or 'ula'. The spear caster was once identified as being from New Caledonia; it was reattributed as Aleut after examination by Dale Idiens of the Royal Scottish Museum. The other material is of 'Eskimo' or Inuit origin. It may be associated with donations, made prior to 1884, of material from the Polar or Arctic regions by Messrs Newall and Keillor of Dundee and by Captain Ross. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews spear thrower spear caster harpoon heads bone scraper ULU ALEUT Inuit ETHNOGRAPHIC non-western ethnography spear thrower spear caster harpoon heads bone scraper ULU Arctic region Polar region ROSS, Captain Messrs Newall and Keillor of Dundee MC:C48 Fardon, Richard, A Short Guide to the University of St Andrews' Ethnographic Collection, St Andrews, 1988 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA, the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. ET:C18 47795 ET:C19 Australian Aborigine material The collection consists of four 'kodjas' (stone hammers) and one 'taap' (saw). All are of Australian Aborigine origin and were probably collected from King George's Sound and donated to the University by Dr Mudie in the mid-19th century. The taap consists of a row of quartz chips attached to a wooden stick with pitch. en-GB Collection Probably collected in King George's Sound; thought to have been donated by Dr Mudie to the University of St Andrews ABORIGINE Australia KODJA TAAP ETHNOGRAPHIC non-western ethnography KODJA TAAP Australia MUDIE, MC:C48 Fardon, Richard, A Short Guide to the University of St Andrews' Ethnographic Collection, St Andrews, 1988 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA, the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. ET:C19 47795 ET:C20 Asian material Material from across Asia is held in the Asian collection. From Tibet there is a stone mani or prayer stone and from China a bronze hand bell. The collection also contains a large gilded sculpture of the Buddha and three smaller gilded stone figures, all thought to be of Burmese origin (the smaller figures, a monk and two representations of the Buddha, were possibly donated by Cuthbert Glass in the early 19th century). There is a steelyard and lead weight (possibly Chinese or Japanese); and some artisan’s tools (knife, axe and adze) probably from Indonesia. A Tibetan scroll or ‘thangka’ was collected by the late Hugh Richardson (the eminent Tibetan scholar and associate of the present Dalai Lama) while working in Tibet and presented to the University about 1951. The collection also contains the beautifully decorated base of a Burmese altar. en-GB Collection Material donated by individuals to the University of St Andrews MANI HAND BELL stone figure STATUE SWORD steelyard lead weight KNIFE AXE ADZE Tibetan Scroll thangka ALTAR ANTHROPOLOGY China Tibet Burma Indonesia non-western ethnography MANI HAND BELL stone figure STATUE steelyard lead weight SWORD KNIFE AXE ADZE Tibetan Scroll thangka ALTAR Asia, China Asia, Tibet Asia, Burma Asia, Indonesia Cuthbert Glass RICHARDSON, Hugh MC:C48 Fardon, Richard, A Short Guide to the University of St Andrews' Ethnographic Collection, St Andrews, 1988 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA, the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. ET:C20 47795 ET:C21 Indian material The Indian section of the Ethnographic Collection includes some very significant artefacts. A stone stele from eastern India or Bengal depicts Shiva and Parvati. Dating from about the 11th century, it was presented to the University in 1839 by the Reverend James Paterson and is thought to be one of the earliest items of its type to have come to Britain. 10 Indian paintings on glass, depicting Hindu deities, were created in Southern India (Tangore?) in the mid 19th century and presented to the University by Reverend A. Clifford, who was chaplain of St Andrews Church, Madras. Other material includes a model of a potter's home near Calcutta, dating from c. 1920s, and a 19th century Nepalese kukri (sword). en-GB Collection Early material was donated to the joint Museum of the University of St Andrews and the Literary and Philosophical Society of St Andrews, founded 1838. The collections were transferred into the sole ownership of the University in 1904. New ethnographic material has continued to be added to the collection since this date. BENGAL Eastern India India, Tangore Southern India Nepal India sculpture painting SWORD HINDU SHIVA PARVATI DURGA DEVI Shakti KUKRI non-western ethnography sculpture STELE painting SWORD KUKRI India, Tangore India, Calcutta Nepal PATERSON, James CLIFFORD, A. COCHRANE, Katherine MC:C48 Fardon, Richard, A Short Guide to the University of St Andrews' Ethnographic Collection, St Andrews, 1988 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA, the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. ET:C21 47795 ET:C22 Melanesia material There are two pieces in this part of the collection. Firstly a stone wealth object, an adze or axe head made of nephrite (a type of stone), used for exchange rather than practical use. It was gifted to the University by a local man, Rodger C. Guthrie in 1951. Secondly a mouth ornament or war charm which was held in the mouth during battle and was composed of tusks, shell bead, resin and possibly dogs' teeth. There is no information on the donor but it came into the collection before 1904 and is possibly from the area around the mouth of the Sepik River in North Eastern New Guinea. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews Melanesia North Eastern New Guinea, Sepik River ADZE AXE mouth ornamment non-western ethnography war charm ADZE AXE MOUTH ORNAMENT North Eastern New Guinea Melanesia GUTHRIE, Rodger C. MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA , the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. ET:C22 47795 ET:C23 Maori material The Maori collection, of material relating to the native people of New Zealand, is small but important. It consists of a Maori stone war club ('patu onewa'), which was donated by Reverend John Thomson prior to 1884 and a Maori stone axe which may be part of the Henry Bruce collection, giving it a donation date before 1884. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews AXE Patu Onewa WAR CLUB New Zealand MAORI ETHNOGRAPHIC non-western ethnography AXE Patu Onewa New Zealand THOMSON, John BRUCE, Henry MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA , the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. ET:C23 47795 ET:C24 North African material The North African material includes a ceramic crocodile with a hatched base which is thought to have been used as a bath rasp and to originate from Egypt in the 19th century; and also a cloth hanging depicting three veiled woman on donkeys which is probably from the Atlas mountain area of Morocco. There is also a dagger from the Sudan and a Turkish scimitar again from the Sudan both possibly donated by the Reverend A.A. in the 1930s. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews SWORD DAGGER SCIMITAR ceramic crocodile ETHNOGRAPHIC NORTH AFRICA SUDAN Turkey EGYPT MOROCCO non-western ethnography SWORD DAGGER SCIMITAR ceramic crocodile CLOTH Africa, North Africa Africa, Sudan Europe,Turkey Africa, Egypt Africa, Morocco MILNE, A.A. MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA , the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. ET:C24 47795 ET:C25 North American material The North American section of the Ethnographic Collection contains what appears to be one of the earliest objects to have been donated to the collection: a birch bark basket, of Algonquin, probably Cree, origin, acquired about 1728. It is made from a single piece of bark, stitched with porcupine quills and spruce root. There are also a carved horn spoon and an iron hook with a fibre thong, both of which are both attributed to the North West coast of America. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews BARK BASKET carved horn spoon HOOK ETHNOGRAPHIC North America non-western ethnography BARK BASKET carved horn spoon HOOK North America MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA , the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. ET:C25 47795 ET:C26 Polynesian material A small but none the less an important part of the Ethnographic Collection are the objects from Polynesia. There are two fishing hooks probably collected in the 19th century; and a stone adze, collected in the 19th century by Henry Bruce. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews FISHING HOOK shell pendant Polynesia ETHNOGRAPHIC Pacific region non-western ethnography Fishing hooks ADZE Polynesia Pacific region Henry Bruce MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA , the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. ET:C26 47795 ET:C27 The Ladislav Holy Collection Ladislav Holy was Professor of Social Anthropology at the University of St Andrews from 1987 to 1997. His research interests were diverse and included the study of kinship, religion and political processes. He carried out field work on the Berti people of the Northern Darfur district of the Sudan between 1961 and 1986. From 1968 to 1972 he was Director of the Livingstone Museum, Zambia, and was responsible for acquiring objects to extend the national collections. Professor Holy also acquired objects relating to the material culture of the Berti, Toka and other African peoples for his private collection. On his death in 1997 he bequeathed many of the items in his collection to the University. The collection consists mainly of examples of the material culture of the Berti, Toka, Gwembe Tonga, Bemba and Maasai peoples. Other objects come from tribal groups in North and West Zambia and Kenya. The objects represent aspects of the daily life, work, culture and beliefs of these peoples. They range from a Bemba snuff box and a Nkoya finger piano to a Gwembe Tonga fertility doll and the wand of a Toka diviner, used to discover the activities of witches. The objects were acquired by Professor Holy or on his behalf by the missionary Father Corbeille between the early 1960s and mid 1980s. en-GB Collection Bequeathed by Ladislav Holy to the University of St Andrews, 1997 ETHNOGRAPHY HOLY, LADISLAV BERTI TOKA GWEMBE TONGA BEMBA Maasai Nkoya Africa, Sudan, Northern Darfur Africa, Sudan Africa, Zambia Africa, Kenya SNUFF BOX FINGER PIANO fertility doll WAND non-western ethnography FINGER PIANO SNUFF BOX KNIFE PIPE fertility doll diviner's wand AXE GOURD SWORD Africa, Sudan, Northern Darfur Africa, Sudan Africa, Zambia Africa, Kenya Africa, Zimbabwe Africa, Zimbabwe, Gwembe Valley Africa, Zambia, Gwembe Valley Africa, Tanzania HOLY, Ladislav MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA , the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. ET:C27 47795 GE:C100 Fossil / Palaeontological Collection This area of the Geology Collection is mainly invertebrate macrofossils organised into taxonomic groups. Several hundred specimens are incorporated into the undergraduate teaching collections. The majority are from UK localities. It includes published and type material of Scottish Carboniferous crinoids from Robert Meldrum Craig and slabs of the Upper Devonian Dura Den fish. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews GEOLOGY Fossils palaeontology Fossils macrofossils Europe, United Kingdom Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, Dura Den MELDRUM CRAIG, Robert MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA, the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. GE:C100 47795 GE:C101 Mineralogical Collection There are several thousand specimens within this part of the Geology Collection, mainly organised by chemical composition. The collection contains major contributions from research in Africa and Greenland including specimens from Matthew Forster Heddle (1828-97) and George Buist (1804-1860). Several teaching and display sets have been assembled from high quality specimens within this collection en-GB Collection University of St Andrews GEOLOGY MINERAL mineralogy AFRICA GREENLAND HEDDLE, Matthew Forster BUIST, George MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA, the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. GE:C101 47795 GE:C102 Igneous collection This part of the Geology Collection contains large and significant research collections from the Caledonian magmatic complexes of Scotland and the Tertiary North Atlantic Igneous Province of the UK and Greenland. Research by Harald Irvine Drever showed that moon rocks returned during the Apollo space programme were close analogues of Tertiary basalts from the Inner Hebrides. These are complemented by teaching suites from globally important volcanic and intrusive localities with matching thin section collections. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews GEOLOGY Igneous North Atlantic Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, Inner Hebrides GREENLAND DREVER, Harald Irvine MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA, the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. GE:C102 47795 GE:C103 Sedimentary Collection These specimens are mainly grouped as part of Stratigraphical and teaching collections within the Geology Collection. They are mainly of UK provenance with extensive suites from the Carboniferous of Fife, Scottish Dalradian carbonates and of sole structures from the Lower Palaeozoic turbidites of the Southern Uplands. Of historic interest are sediment samples collected during the HMS Challenger Expedition (1872- 1876). en-GB Collection University of St Andrews GEOLOGY TEACHING sedimentary Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, Fife University of St Andrews MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA, the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. GE:C103 47795 GE:C104 Metamorphic and Structural Geology This part of the Geology Collection is mainly based on suites of Archaean, Proterozoic and Caledonian ages from research in the UK, Greenland and Scandinavia. Several hundred specimens are incorporated into teaching collections with associated thin sections. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews GEOLOGY metamorphic Archaean Proterozoic Caledonian Scandinavia Europe, United Kingdom GREENLAND University of St Andrews MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA, the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. GE:C104 47795 GE:C105 The Museum of the University of St Andrews and the Literary and Philosophical Society of St Andrews In 1838 a Museum was established in the United College of the University of St Andrews, a joint venture between the University and the Literary and Philosophical Society of St Andrews. The 'Curiosities' accumulated in the University Library from aproximately 1700 were transferred to this new institution. The collections grew rapidly, and encompassed the fields of natural and human history, including zoology, botany, geology, anatomy, archaeology, numismatics and ethnography. Material was systematically organised in the displays. In 1904, the University Court formally became the 'sole proprietor and Director' of the Museum and its holdings. In 1912, the collections were relocated to the new 'Museum extension' to the Bute Medical Buildings, known as the Bell Pettigrew Museum. The Bell Pettigrew Museum functioned as a town and university museum until the 1950s, when it became solely a zoology museum. The other collections were removed to University departments to which their subject matter related. Despite some losses, the University still holds much material from the original Museum of the University and the Literary and Philosophical Society of St Andrews. The University now has three Accredited mueum venues, MUSA - The Museum of the University of St Andrews, the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibitions) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology), plus displays in academic departments. Stored collections can be viewed by appointment at the MUSA Collections Centre. en-GB Collection The museum of the Literary and Philosphical Society of St Andrews;University of St Andrews GEOLOGY BOTANY NATURAL HISTORY ARCHAEOLOGY ETHNOGRAPHY ZOOLOGY museum history Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews The Museum of the University of St Andrews and the Literary and Philosphical Society of St Andrews MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA (the Museum of the University of St Andrews), the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. GE:C105 47795 GE:C56 Geology Collection The Geological Collection consists of more than 49,000 specimens (approximately 60,000 rocks, 6,000 fossils and 5,000 minerals). It is comprehensive in scale, particularly in the Scottish context. The Collection contains material of importance from Scotland, Greenland, West Africa, Southern Africa, the Himalayas, Norway and New Zealand, including thirteen type specimens. The Collection was established in the mid 19th century, with material initially being displayed in the joint Museum of the University and the Literary and Philosophical Society of St Andrews. It includes material collected by significant Scottish scientists, e.g. minerals from Matthew Forster Heddle (Professor of Chemistry 1862-83), the pre-eminent mineralogist of his era, who single-handedly completed a geological map of Sutherland and published the well-known monograph The Mineralogy of Scotland (1901); and fossils from Robert Meldrum Craig. Fossils from the 19th century excavations at nearby Dura Den, which fuelled the debate on evolution, and dredgings from the Challenger expedition (1872-6), the first major study of the world’s oceans, provide fascinating insights into mankind’s growing understanding of the natural world and are of international importance. Material of popular interest includes a thin section of limestone from 40 feet below the summit of Mt Everest, collected by Edmund Hillary on the first ascent of Everest on 29th May 1953. The Geological Collection is extensively used as a teaching collection. Material continues to be collected through fieldwork and used in research. The Geological Collection is required to look after specimens generated by fieldwork that has been funded by certain public bodies. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews GEOLOGY fossil MINERAL Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland GREENLAND Africa, West Africa Africa, Southern Africa Europe, Norway New Zealand HEDDLE, Matthew Forster CRAIG, Robert Meldrum Hillary, Edmund MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA, the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. GE:C56 47795 HC2011.17 Inchoate Landscapes Limited edition suite of seven screenprints, lithographs, digital prints, relief prints and etchings. en-GB Collection BOSWELL LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE print 2010/2010 PATERSON, Toby Peacock Visual Arts HC:C4 Object History file 47795 HC2011 HC2011.17 47795 HC:C1 Beggar's Benison The Beggar’s Benison Collection is a small collection of material including badges, sashes, seals, two priapic glasses, a wine glass, a punch bowl, ‘breath horn’, ‘test platter’ and snuff box (supposedly containing the pubic hair of a mistress of George IV). Much of the material bears phallic iconography and obscene inscriptions. The Beggar’s Benison was a male club, focusing on sex, based in Anstruther 1732-1836. Early members were local merchants and gentry, but later members were recruited from the upper ranks of society and included the Prince Regent. The surviving objects and archival material (the latter held in the Special Collections department of the University Library) were donated to the University in the mid 20th century, as was material of the related Wig Club of Edinburgh, including the model head on which the wig ‘composed of the Privy-hairs of royal courtezans’ was once displayed. The artefacts are relatively rare: it is unusual for such material to have survived the somewhat prudish Victorian era. en-GB Collection The collection was gifted to the University of St Andrews in the mid 20th century. club Beggar's Benison Enlightenment WIG CLUB PRINCE REGENT Merchants Male Club Gentry SCOTTISH HISTORY Badges sashes seals priapic glasses WINE GLASS punch bowel BREATH HORN TEST PLATTER SNUFF BOX model head Scotland (England) Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, Edinburgh Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, Anstruther Beggar's Benison club MC:C48 Stevenson, David, The Beggar's Benison. Sex Clubs of Enlightenment Scotland and their Rituals, East Linton, 2001 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA, the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. HC:C1 47795 HC:C10 Silver Spoons The silver collection includes many fine examples of silver spoons dating from the early 18th century to 20th century. At St Andrews, students entering the University were entitled to the use at mealtimes of a silver spoon during their time in college, in return for a payment. Examples dating from the 18th century survive from St Salvator's, St Leonard's, St Mary's and the United College (formed in 1747 by the merger of St Salvator's and St Leonard's Colleges). These 18th century spoons are all of Edinburgh manufacture: some may have been made from earlier spoons melted down and re-made. The collection also includes silver cutlery used in halls of residence in the 20th century and a small collection of six Art Nouveau coffee spoons made in England 1907-1908, which were bequeathed to the University. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews silver spoon 18th century 20th century ST LEONARD'S COLLEGE ST SALVATOR'S COLLEGE ST MARY'S COLLEGE UNITED COLLEGE SCOTTISH HISTORY spoon mustard spoon salt spoon SERVING SPOON TABLESPOON Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, Edinburgh University of St Andrews MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA, the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. HC:C10 47795 HC:C11 Early Scottish Silver The silver collection contains several early pieces. Three medieval maces date from the 15th century (two are thought to be of French manufacture; one Scottish). Items of plate include the St Leonard’s College Mazer (mid 16th - early 17th century); the St Mary’s College Mazer (the earliest surviving piece of fully hallmarked Edinburgh silver, dating from 1552-1562); the Bruce Cup, given to the College by Peter Bruce, Principal of St Leonard’s College 1611-1630 (refashioned in Edinburgh 1727); the Guild Cup; presented to the Faculty of Theology by Dr William Guild in 1628 (produced in London 1613-14); and the Capstan Salt (a salt dish so called because of its shape, made in St Andrews by Patrick Gardyne, mid 17th century). The St Leonard’s College Communion Cup was made in Edinburgh by William Law, 1679 to 1681; it was presented by Anne Murray, Lady Halkett, in 1681, and is also known as the Murray Cup. The collection also contains the relics of the Silver Arrow archery competition of the early 17th to mid-18th centuries: 70 silver medals and three silver arrows. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews silver MACE mazer CUP CAPSTAN SALT communion cup ST LEONARD'S COLLEGE ST MARY'S COLLEGE ST SALVATOR'S COLLEGE SCOTTISH HISTORY maces college mazers Bruce Cup GUILD CUP CAPSTAN SALT MURRAY CUP communion cup Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, Edinburgh Europe, United Kingdom, England, London Europe, France, Paris University of St Andrews MC:C48 Dalgleish, George and Fothringham, Henry Steuart, Silver: Made in Scotland, exh. cat., National Museums of Scotland, Edinburgh, 2008 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA, the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. HC:C11 47795 HC:C110 Sport There is a long sporting tradition at the University of St Andrews that carries on until this day. This is celebrated and remembered through some of the objects held in the Museum Collections. For example, the relics of the Silver Arrow archery competition held from the early 17th to mid 18th century, consisting of 3 silver arrows and 70 silver medals. Medals and trophies are held for other sports, including athletcs and golf. There is also a rare collection of caich balls, dating from the late 18th or early 19th century: caich was a competitive sport played by hitting a ball against a wall with the hand. Clothing also makes up part of the collection with rugby shirts and blazers present, which helps to track the sports history at the University. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews SCOTTISH HISTORY ARCHERY SPORT CAICH medals BLAZER BALL Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews University of St Andrews MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA, the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. HC:C110 47795 HC:C111 Music The University of St Andrews has a small collection relating to music. This includes a Spitzharfe (a portable table harp for domestic use) dating from 1680-1720; a couple of song books, The British Student's Song Book (c1920) and the St Andrews Student's Song Book (c1961) as well as an early 20th century organ pipe from a Willis organ which was once in St Salvator's Chapel. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews musical instruments MUSIC SCOTTISH HISTORY Song Book organ pipe Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews University of St Andrews MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA, the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. HC:C111 47795 HC:C112 Camera Collection George Cowie presented his collection of negatives and antique cameras to the University of St Andrews in 1980. Both Cowie and his wife were skilled photographers who worked in St Andrews from 1929 onwards. He covered subjects as diverse as golf, royalty, Fife landscapes and University life. There are 15 cameras, in total, in the collection, the earliest dating back as far as the late 19th century. They include a studio camera and field cameras and are made by several different manufactures including Kodak. en-GB Collection Unibversity of St Andrews PHOTOGRAPHY CAMERA CAMERA Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews COWIE, George MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA, the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. HC:C112 47795 HC:C113 Plaques The University of St Andrews holds a small number of plaques. Among them is the plaque, dating from 1863, formerly attached to an oak casket bearing the remains of Bishop James Kennedy, founder of St Salvator's College (d. 1465). During renovations of St Salvator's Church, which contains Kennedu's tomb, in 1930, the tomb was entered and the oak casket was found to have disintegrated. Kennedy's remains were re-interned in a casket of bronze. Another plaque of note is a memorial plaque for the McIntosh family, which originally had been in the Congregationalist Church of St Andrews. The McIntosh family had been prominent citizens of St Andrews with John McIntosh (1804-1897) being a local builder and architect and his son, William Carmichael McIntosh becoming a Professor of Natural History (1882-1917) at the University of St Andrews. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews Decorative and Applied Art SCOTTISH HISTORY KENNEDY, JAMES MCINTOSH, WILLIAM CARMICHAEL plaque Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews University of St Andrews MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA, the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. HC:C113 47795 HC:C12 College Dining Ware From the medieval period until the early 19th century, St Andrews students tended to live and dine within colleges. This system was abandoned by 1820. However, the late 19th and 20th centuries saw the creation of new halls of residence. The first, St Leonard's Hall (1861-74) was short-lived. University Hall, for women students, opened in 1896, and was followed by various halls of residence including St Salvator's Hall (1930) and McIntosh Hall (1939). The new halls required cutlery and dining ware for their occupants. This included some fine pieces which have now passed into the Museum Collections. For example, two fine candelabra designed by Omar Ramsden for St Salvators's Hall, dated 1934-5. Some material relates to the Grand Hotel, which from 1896-1948 operated as a luxury hotel in St Andrews, before being bought by the University a year after its closure and turned into Hamilton Hall, a residence for 100 students. The dining ware for Hamilton Hall was inherited from the Grand Hotel, and included silver-plated teapots, coffee pots, hot water pots, toast racks, general cutlery etc, the majority made in England around the late 19th to early 20th century, and often with inscriptions relating to the Grand Hotel. Hamilton Hall was sold by the University in 2008 but representative samples of the silverware are held in the Museum Collections. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews silver Dining Ware GRAND HOTEL SCOTTISH HISTORY HAMILTON HALL UNIVERSITY HALL ST SALVATOR'S HALL Sir David Russell Teapots coffe pots hot water pots toast racks CUTLERY Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews Europe, United Kingdom, England University of St Andrews MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA (The Museum of the University of St Andrews), the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. HC:C12 47795 HC:C13 Communion Plate The Museum Collections of the University of St Andrews contain a small collection of Communion plate, including the Murray Cup or St Leonard’s College Communion Cup, presented by Anne Murray, Lady Halkett, in 1681and made by William Law in Edinburgh between 1679 and 1681. Other material includes a Communion chalice and paten (plate) made by Omar Ramsden in London, 1937-38. (A chalice and paten are used to offer the bread and wine, representing the body and blood of Christ, at Holy Communion or Eucharist). en-GB Collection University of St Andrews Communion plate SCOTTISH HISTORY Communion plate St Leonard's College Communion Cup Omar Ramsden Communion chalice and paten Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, Edinburgh University of St Andrews MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA (the Museum of the University of St Andrews), the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. HC:C13 47795 HC:C14 Pewter The pewter collection includes a small salt, and sixteen plates. All the plates are stamped with the maker’s mark of William Scott of Edinburgh, which includes an embossed crown under an X signifying that first grade pewter was used. There were three William Scotts (grandfather, son and grandson) of whom all made pewter and were Freemen Pewterers of the Edinburgh Hammermen incorporation. From the maker’s mark on the plates, they appear to have been manufactured by the third William Scott who was admitted to the guild in 1794. This would date the pieces from 1795 to 1815. The plates are thought to have been used as everyday ware at the dining table in St Mary's College. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews PEWTER salt Plates SCOTT, WILLIAM ST MARY'S COLLEGE SCOTTISH HISTORY Plates salt Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, Edinburgh University of St Andrews MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA (the Museum of the University of St Andrews), the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. HC:C14 47795 HC:C2 Portraits The portrait collection was established in 1765, with the gift of a portrait of alumnus David Steuart Erskine, Lord Cardross, later 11th Earl of Buchan (founder of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland), after Sir Joshua Reynolds. It grew steadily throughout the ensuing centuries and encompasses images, mainly oils, of University Chancellors, Principals, Professors, Rectors, alumni and benefactors, many of whom are recognised figures in the social, cultural, intellectual, scientific or political development of Scotland e.g. Samuel Rutherford (Scottish Presbyterian theologian and author), James Graham, 1st Marquis of Montrose (Captain General of Charles I's forces in Scotland during the Civil War), Andrew Carnegie (entrepreneur and philanthropist), John Patrick Crichton Stuart, 3rd Marquis of Bute, Adam Ferguson (philosopher), John Fleming (the geologist and zoologist), John Stuart Mill (economist) and Sir D’Arcy Wentworth Thompson (eminent natural historian). Particular highlights of the portrait collection include: Francis Nicoll (Principal of the United College 1819-35) by Sir Henry Raeburn, 1814; Archbishop James Sharp (Chancellor 1661-79) by Sir Peter Lely, c. 1666; Robert Saunders Dundas, 2nd Viscount Melville (Chancellor, 1814-51), by David Wilkie, 1831; Francis Pringle (Professor of Greek, 1702-47), attrib. William Aikman, c. 1712-23; and George Buchanan (Principal of St Leonard's College 1566-70), by or after Arnold van Brounckhorst, 1580. There are four portraits by David Martin: Reverend David Craigie (1755), Chancellor Thomas Hay, 9th Earl of Kinnoull (mid 18th century), Principal James Playfair (c.1797) and Professor Walter Wilson (1755). There are five works by or attributed to Sir John Watson Gordon: Professor Robert Briggs (c.1820s/30s), Professor James Frederick Ferrier (c.1863), Principal Robert Haldane (c.1841), Principal George Hill (first half of 19th century) and Principal John Hunter (1826). Other artists represented include Thomas Duncan, Robert Herdman, Sir George Reid, John H Lorimer, Sir James Guthrie, George Fiddes Watt, Beatrice Huntingdon, Alberto Morrocco and Stephen Campbell. As such, the collection reflects the history and development of Scottish portraiture. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews Paintings Portraits fine art Portraits Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews Europe, United Kingom, Scotland Europe, United Kingdom, England University of St Andrews. MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA (the Museum of the University of St Andrews), the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. HC:C2 47795 HC:C28 Sculptures and Busts The University has in its collection approximately 40 sculptures and busts. Highlights of the sculpture collection include a bronze ‘ Vulcan’ bequeathed by Sir Eduardo Paolozzi; a marble bust of Laura, after Canova; and a bronze statuette of Peter Pan by Sir George Frampton, after the Kensington Park figure, gifted by J.M Barrie, as well as busts of Robert Browning, George Bernard Shaw, Jan Smuts, D’Arcy Thompson, William Robertson (the historian), two portrait medallions of Andrew Lang (the poet and historian), and a medallion of Lieutenant General Robert Melville by James Tassie. A recent acquisition is a group of three sculptures, Three Samurai (1983), by Czech artist Jan Koblasa. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews BUST sculpture Art fine art Decorative and Applied Art Busts SCULPTURES portrait medallions Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland Europe, Czech Republic Europe, Italy Europe, United Kingdom, England University of St Andrews MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA (the Museum of the University of St Andrews), the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. HC:C28 47795 HC:C29 Photographs The University of St Andrews has an outstanding collection of photographs. Most of these are housed and cared for in the Special Collections Department of the University Library. Now containing over 750,000 images, this is the largest photography collection in Scotland, and among the most important in Britain. The photographs date from shortly after the birth of photography, from 1842 to the present day. There are images by the famous partnership of David Octavius Hill and Robert Adamson, and by Robert's brother John Adamson (1809-1870); and there are substantial collections relating to Thomas Rodger, who set up St Andrews’ first professional photographic studio in 1849; Valentines of Dundee (which produced albums of Scottish views from the 1870s, and later picture postcards); R.M. Adam, a landscape photographer who worked in the first half of the 20th century; and George Cowie, a local press photographer from 1930 to 1982; plus much other material. The Museum Collections also contain, in the art collection, various photographic images. Artists represented include Patricia MacDonald, Robin Gillanders, and Calum Colvin, all contemporary Scottish artists. There is also older material, such as a painted photographic portrait of William Carmichael McIntosh, Professor of Naural History 1882-1917. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews photograph Art LANDSCAPE Scotland negatives prints PHOTOGRAPHY MACDONALD, PATRICIA GILLANDERS, ROBIN COLVIN, CALUM archives photograph negatives prints. Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland Europe, United Kingdom, England University of St Andrews MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA (the Museum of the University of St Andrews) , the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. HC:C29 47795 HC:C3 Recording Scotland The Pilgrim Trust ‘Recording Scotland’ Collection consists around 130 works, largely watercolours, gifted to the University of St Andrews in 1953. The ‘Recording Scotland’ project was designed to produce employment for artists during the Second World War, and create a permanent pictorial record of a Scotland thought to be at risk from bombs and growing industrialisation. The pictures, by artists including Stewart Carmichael, Robert Eadie, Andrew Archer Gamley, Alan Ian Ronald, David Foggie, John Guthrie Spence Smith, James Wright, Charles Oppenheimer and Samuel Peploe, range from castles, churches and the Clyde docks to village streets, fishing ports and cityscapes of Glasgow and Edinburgh. Collectively, they constitute an important pictorial archive of Scotland c.1940. The documentary archive relating to the Recording Scotland Collection is held by the University Library's Special Collections Department. en-GB Collection The Pilgrim Trust commissioned and built up the 'Recording Scotland' collection during the Second World War. It was presented to the University of t Andrews in 1953. SECOND WORLD WAR Paintings Watercolours Recording Scotland Industrialisation SCOTTISH HISTORY fine art Decorative and Applied Art WORLD WAR II PILGRIM TRUST Paintings landscapes Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland The Pilgrim Trust MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA (the Museum of the University of St Andrews), the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. HC:C3 47795 HC:C30 Prints The print collection of the University of St Andrews includes material from the 18th century to the present. There is an engraving of David Wilkie's famous painting, 'Chelsea Pensioners Reading the Gazette of the Battle of Waterloo', executed by John Burnet and presented to the University by Wilkie himself in 1832. There are satirical prints by James Gillray and Thomas Rowlandson; etchings by Charles Phillips of St Andrews, c. 1920; and mid 20th century lithographs by artists including Elizabeth Blackadder, Robin Philipson and Anne Redpath produced at the studio of Harley Bros Ltd in Edinburgh, among many other works. There is a strong collection of prints by contemporary Scottish artists, such as Alan Davie (who donated several works); Will Maclean, Calum Colvin, Ken Currie, Barbara Rae, John Houston and Elaine Shemilt, many acquired through the Harry and Margery Boswell Art Collection fund. Several prints by Wilhelmina Barns-Graham (1912-2004) were received through the Wilhelmina Barns-Graham Charitable Trust, in fulfillment of a bequest by the artist, who was born in St Andrews. The entire collection reflects the variety of subjects and styles used in the print medium. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews print etching screen print ENGRAVING Art fine art prints screen prints. Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland Europe, United Kingdom, England University of St Andrews MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA (the Museum of the University of St Andrews), the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. HC:C30 47795 HC:C31 Art Collection The fine art collection of the University comprises over 100 portraits; over 300 other oils, watercolours, prints, drawings and photographs; and around 40 sculptures and busts. The collection contains works dating from the 16th century to the present day. It features works by artists including Sir Henry Raeburn, David Wilkie, David Martin, William Quiller Orchardson and contemporary artists Alan Davie, Elizabeth Blackadder and Robin Gillanders, among others. The portraits include images of individuals innately connected to the University’s history and identity and were in many cases commissioned by the University itself or donated by friends and alumni, including the subjects themselves. They include Chancellors, Principals, Professors, Rectors, alumni and benefactors of the University. Of particular interest are: the portrait of Archbishop Sharp which, after conservation, was established as an original work by Sir Peter Lely (c.1666); and the portrait of Francis Nicoll (Principal of the United College) by Sir Henry Raeburn (1814). Within the fine art collection are the Pilgrim Trust 'Recording Scotland ' Collection (consisting of around 130 works, gifted to the University in 1953), which is an artistic record of Scotland during the Second World War; and the Harry and Marjory Boswell Art Collection, which was established and endowed by the Boswell family to enable the University to make annual purchases of Scottish art. The fine art collection is a material record both of the history of Scottish art and the techniques of particular artists, and in the portraits, of individuals who have been an integral part of the social, economic, political, intellectual and cultural life of Scotland. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews painting PORTRAIT sculpture BUST photograph print Art Scotland BOSWELL COLLECTION Recording Scotland PILGRIM TRUST fine art PHOTOGRAPHY Decorative and Applied Art Paintings Portraits SCULPTURES Busts photographs prints landscapes contemporary art Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland Europe, United Kingdom, England Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, Edinburgh University of St Andrews Pilgrim Trust Scottish Arts Council MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA (the Museum of the University of St Andrews), the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. HC:C31 47795 HC:C32 Landscapes The University of St Andrews's art collection contains over 140 landscapes. These are in a variety of mediums including photographs, prints, paintings and drawings. The works are mainly by Scottish artists and cover a variety of Scottish and other settings from the mid 1760s to the early 21st century. Some of the oldest works are drawings attributed to artist William Jackson (1730-1803), dating from about the 1770s. The collection is brought into the 21st century with work by photographer Duncan Caratacus Clark and an etching by Victoria Crowe ('Landscape with Figure and Dogs', 2001). Amongst the other artists who have contributed to the collection are, in photography, Patricia MacDonald (b.1945); print, Barbara Rae (b.1943) ; and painting, Samuel Peploe (1871-1935). en-GB Collection University of St Andrews landscapes Art painting print photograph fine art SCOTTISH HISTORY Paintings photographs prints Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews Europe, United Kingom, Scotland University of St Andrews MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA (the Museum of the University of St Andrews), the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. HC:C32 47795 HC:C33 Narrative Works There are three renowned narrative paintings held within the art collection of the University of St Andrews; ‘The Death of Archbishop Sharpe’, ‘Wishart’s Last Exhortation’ and ‘Cardinal Beaton Besieged in St Andrews Castle’. ‘Cardinal Beaton Besieged in St Andrews Castle’ by W.E Lockhart (1846-1900), oil, late 19th centuy, depicts the murder of Cardinal Beaton in St Andrews Castle. Beaton was Chancellor of the University of St Andrews 1539-1546. The cardinal was a zealous persecutor of reformers and was among those who found George Wishart guilty of spreading heretical doctrines. Wishart was burnt in St Andrews on 1 March 1546. As revenge for Wishart's death, John Leslie, brother to the Earl of Rothes, his nephew Norman and Kirkcaldy of Grange surprised and murdered the Cardinal in his bedroom in St Andrews Castle and took possession of the fortress on 29 May 1546. This is the event depicted in this work. ‘Wishart’s Last Exhortation’ also known as ‘Wishart’s Last Exaltation’, ‘Wishart’s Last Communion and ‘The Last Sacrament of George Wishart’ by Sir William Quiller Orchardson (1832-1910) (oil, 1853) depicts Wishart on the morning of his execution. The Captain of St Andrews Castle invited Wishart to share his breakfast. Having blessed the bread and wine, Wishart celebrated the first Protestant Communion in Scotland. ‘The Death of Archbishop Sharp’ by John Opie (oil, 1797) depicts the murder of Archbishop James Sharp (Chancellor of the University 1661-79). Formerly a prominent Presbyterian minister, from the mid 1660s Sharp attempted to enforce episcopalian worship and suppress the Presbyterians. On 3 May 1679 he was murdered on Magus Muir, near St Andrews, by Fife lairds and farmers who opposed his actions. The purchase of the work was supported by the Art Fund, National Fund for Acquisitions and the Binks Trust. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews Art ORCHARDSON, WILLIAM QUILLER WISHART, GEORGE OPIE, John SHARP, ARCHBISHOP JAMES BEATON, CARDINAL DAVID lockhart, W.E. narrative fine art Decorative and Applied Art Paintings Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews Europe, United Kingom, Scotland University of St Andrews MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA (the Museum of the University of St Andrews), the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. HC:C33 47795 HC:C34 Scottish Artists Scottish artists are well-represented in the fine art collections of the University of St Andrews. The portrait collection includes a cross-section of work by some of the most eminent Scottish portraitists of the 18th to 20th centuries, such as Sir Henry Raeburn, David Martin, David Wilkie, William Aikman, Sir John Watson Gordon, Thomas Duncan, Sir George Reid, John H. Lorimer, Sir James Guthrie, George Fiddes Watt, Beatrice Huntingdon, Alberto Morrocco and David Abercrombie Donaldson. The University holds the Recording Scotland Collection of about 130 works, most by Scottish artists. The ‘Recording Scotland’ project was initiated, under the auspices of the Pilgrim Trust, to produce employment for artists during the Second World War, and create a permanent pictorial record of a Scotland thought to be at risk from bombs and growing industrialisation. Other works by Scottish artists have been acquired through the Harry and Margery Boswell Art Collection, which was established in 1996 to enable the University of St Andrews to make annual purchases of Scottish art, with the intention of developing a notable collection of contemporary and historical Scottish paintings, prints and photographs, to assist in the teaching of Scottish art and culture within the University, especially within the School of Art History. Artists represented include Steven Campbell, Calum Colvin, Patricia Macdonald, J.D. Fergusson, William McCance, Will Maclean and Alan Davie. There are many other works by Scottish artists in the collection, such as W.E. Lockhart’s dramatic painting of ‘Cardinal Beaton besieged in St Andrews Castle’, late 19th century; and William Quiller Orchardson's oil, Wishart's Last Exhortation, 1853. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews painting Art Scottish Artists Recording Scotland Harry and Marjory Boswell Art Collection fine art PORTRAIT SCOTTISH HISTORY painting print screen print PORTRAIT Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland Europe, United Kingdom, England University of St Andrews MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA (the Museum of the University of St Andrews), the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. HC:C34 47795 HC:C35 16th and 17th Century Art A small but a significant part of the art collection is oil portraits dating from the 16th and 17th centuries. These are portraits of: George Buchanan by or after Arnold van Brounckhorst, 1580; Anne Burnet, Lady Elphinstone, circle of Godfrey Kneller, 1660s-1680s; Archbishop Sharp by Sir Peter Lely, c.1666; Joseph Drew attributed to Sir John Medina, late 17th / early 18th century; and Alexander Colville, 1660s and John Spottiswoode (17th century), both by unknown artists. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews Paintings Portraits 16th century 17th century Art fine art Decorative and Applied Art Paintings Portraits Europe, United Kingdom, England Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland University of St Andrews MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA (the Museum of the University of St Andrews), the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. HC:C35 47795 HC:C36 18th Century Art The University has a significant selection of 18th century artworks. The works held are mainly representations of renowned individuals, or people connected to the University, in either painting, print or sculpture form. Among the works are: portrait of Thomas Hay, 9th Earl of Kinnoull by David Martin (oil, mid-18th century); portrait of Joseph Drew, attributed to John Medina (oil, late 17th / early 18th century); portrait of Francis Pringle, attributed to William Aikman (oil. c.1712-23); bust of George III, by or after Joseph Nollekens, 1773 or 1774; engraving of ‘His Royal Highness William Duke of Cumberland’by S.F. Ravenet after A. Pond (c. 1747). en-GB Collection University of St Andrews painting sculpture print Art 18th century fine art PORTRAIT Decorative and Applied Art painting sculpture print Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews Europe, United Kingom, Scotland University of St Andrews MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA (the Museum of the University of St Andrews) , the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. HC:C36 47795 HC:C37 19th Century Art The University of St Andrews's art collection contains many 19th century oil portraits, usually of individuals connected to the University. This includes portraits of the Prime Ministers William Ewart Gladstone and Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne Cecil, 3rd Marquis of Salisbury, both by Edward Trevannyon Haynes, c. 1895; both were awarded the LL.D. degree by the University. There is a portrait of Principal David Brewster by William Salter Herrick, c.1859; of Professor James Frederick by Sir John Watson Gordon, c.1863; and of Principal Francis Nicoll by Sir Henry Raeburn, 1814, among many other works. There are also sculptural busts, such as those of the poet Robert Browning by his son Robert Barrett Browning, and Robert Stevenson (the lighthouse engineer) by Samuel Joseph, 1825; and a magnificent marble bust of 'Laura' (the muse of Petrach), after Canova. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews painting print photograph sculpture Art 19th century BREWSTER, SIR DAVID LAURA HAYNES, E. TREVANNYON FERRIER, JAMES FREDERICK HERRICK, WILLIAM SALTER STEVENSON, ROBERT BROWNING, ROBERT GLADSTONE, WILLIAM EWART SALISBURY, 3RD MARQUESS OF NICOLL, FRANCIS RAEBURN, SIR HENRY WATSON, SIR JOHN GORDON fine art Decorative and Applied Art painting print photograph sculpture Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews Europe, United Kingom, Scotland University of St Andrews MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA (the Museum of the University of St Andrews) , the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. HC:C37 47795 HC:C38 20th Century Art One of the largest sections of the art collection is made up of works from the 20th century. This is comprised of paintings, prints, photographs and sculptures. There is a diverse representation from each medium reflecting the different artists and changing tastes and styles of a century which not only saw two World Wars but also a rapid change in the social outlook and expectations of society. From the traditional portraits such as Edward Arthur Walton's ‘Portrait of Andrew Carnegie’ (1911) to the contemporary work of Alan Davie and his 'Cosmic Signals' print series (2001) or Jan Koblasa’s sculptures of ‘Three Samurai: The Warrior, The Young Woman and The Young Man' (1983) the variety of styles and mediums used can easily be seen. In this section we also have ‘The Recording Scotland’ series, commissioned by the Pilgrim Trust to produce employment for artists during the Second World War, and create a permanent pictorial record of a Scotland thought to be at risk from bombs and growing industrialisation. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews painting print photograph sculpture Art 20th century Recording Scotland DAVIE, ALAN KOBLASA, JAN CARNEGIE, ANDREW fine art Decorative and Applied Art painting print photograph sculpture Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews Europe, United Kingom, Scotland University of St Andrews MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA (the Museum of the University of St Andrews), the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. HC:C38 47795 HC:C39 21st Century Art The University of St Andrews continues to add to its art collection, aided by the Harry and Marjory Boswell Art Collection Fund, established in 1996, which supports the purchase of art by Scottish artists. Other recent acquisitions have included portraits of Principals and Chancellors, including oil portraits of Principal Brian Lang by Victoria Crowe, 2008, and of Chancellor Kenneth Dover by Colin Dunbar, 2005. A bronze sculpture 'Standing Figure (Vulcan)' (1998) was bequeathed by Eduardo Paolozzi. The Art Fund, National Fund for Acquisitions and the Binks Trust supported the purchase of John Opie's 'Death of Archbishop Sharpe' (oil, 1797), while benefactions have also been received from private individuals, such as Murdo MacDonald who has recently donated over 25 contemporary Scottish works. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews painting print PHOTOGRAPHY OPIE, John sculpture 21st century Art fine art Decorative and Applied Art Harry and Marjory Boswell Collection LANG, BRIAN DOVER, SIR KENNETH painting print photograph sculpture Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews Europe, United Kingom, Scotland University of St Andrews MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA (the Museum of the University of St Andrews), the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. HC:C39 47795 HC:C4 Harry and Marjory Boswell Art Collection IIn 1996, the Harry and Margery Boswell Art Collection was established and endowed by the Boswell family, to enable the University of St Andrews to make annual purchases of Scottish art, with the intention of developing a notable collection of contemporary and historical Scottish paintings, prints and photographs, to assist in the teaching of Scottish art and culture within the University, especially within the School of Art History. To date, collecting has focused primarily on the field of contemporary Scottish paintings, prints and photographs, which had previously been something of a gap in the collections. The artists represented are all leading figures, including Alan Davie, Ken Currie, Calum Colvin, John Bellany, Steven Campbell, Alison Watt, Callum Innes, John Byrne, Adrian Wisniewski and David Mach. The early part of the 20th century is represented by works by William McCance, Agnes Miller Parker and J.D. Fergusson. The 10th anniversary of the Boswell Collection, in 2006, was marked by a public exhibition of the artworks. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews Paintings BOSWELL COLLECTION prints PHOTOGRAPHY sculpture drawing DAVIE, ALAN CURRIE, KEN COLVIN, CALUM BELLANY, JOHN Campbell, Steven WATT, ALISON INNES, CALLUM BYRNE, JOHN WISZNIEWSKI, ADRIAN Mach, David MCCANCE, WILLIAM fine art Paintings prints photographs sculpture Scotland Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews Europe, United Kingom, Scotland University of St Andrews. MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA (the Museum of the University of St Andrews) , the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. HC:C4 47795 HC:C40 Casts The Museum Collections of the University of St Andrews contain several casts, acquired for teaching and research purposes. There is a cast of the Rosetta stone: the original is held by the British Museum. The Rosetta Stone is an ancient Egyptian artefact, dating back to 196 BC. The Stone was crucial in enabling scholars to understand Egyptian hieroglyphic writing, which they had not previously been able to decipher, as on it the same decree is inscribed in three language: hieroglyphic (suitable for a priestly decree), demotic (the native script used for everyday use) and Greek (the language of the administration). There are casts of the Phicaleian marbles. There is also a series of 'library' busts, sculptures of classical and literary figures such as Homer, John Milton and Dante, based on sculptures in museums such as the British Museum and National Gallery, London. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews DANTE CAST MILTON, JOHN sculpture HOMER fine art rosetta stone CAST sculpture Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland University of St Andrews MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA (the Museum of the University of St Andrews), the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. HC:C40 47795 HC:C47 Furniture The furniture collection provides important material evidence of the history and development of furniture in Scotland, and its use in an institutional and domestic context, within the formal rooms, lecture theatres, laboratories, colleges and halls of residence of Scotland’s oldest University. It represents the very fabric of University life. Individual items of particular significance include: The Parliament Chair, c. 1640s-1660s, said to have been used as the Speaker’s Chair when the Scottish Parliament met in the University building afterwards known as Parliament Hall in St Andrews, 1645-6. Believed to be the only surviving piece of furniture with associations with the original Scottish Parliament. Blackstone. Stone stool on which students taking the Master of Arts degree sat for the oral examination. In use from the 15th to 18th centuries. St Andrews Cupboard, c. 1500. Oak cupboard incorporating linenfold carving and decorated with thistle, rose and marguerite motifs. The design may symbolize the marriage of James IV of Scotland and Margaret Tudor of England in 1502. A highly decorated wooden stand designed to bear a casket containing a plaster cast of the skull of the University’s founder, Pope Benedict XIII, by Robert Rowand Anderson, c. 1897. Orkney chair, ?early 20th century The pulpit from which John Knox is popularly reputed to have preached in the town kirk, Holy Trinity, inciting the destruction of the Cathedral (however, it is probably of a slightly later date). Pulpit for St Salvator’s Chapel, designed by Sir Robert Rowand Anderson, c. 1901 (currently on loan to National Museums Scotland). Various charter chests, including five probably from the 17th century, three of which are specifically associated with the University and its colleges. Three clocks designed by Joseph Knibb of London: two regulator clocks and one of the world’s earliest split seconds clocks. Commissioned in 1673 by James Gregory, Professor of Mathematics and inventor of the Gregorian reflecting telescope. The interior decoration of several of the University’s rooms is also of interest, e.g. the Senate Room (1826), most of the present fittings of which were designed by Sir Robert Rowand Anderson and date from 1897-98; the student bedchamber or ‘bunk room’ in St Mary’s College, the 18th century fittings of which are preserved; and St Salvator’s Chapel, which has undergone several major refurbishments since its foundation in 1450. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews SCOTTISH HISTORY FURNITURE CLOCK Scottish Parliament BENEDICT XIII ROWAND ANDERSON, SIR ROBERT GREGORY, JAMES FURNITURE PARLIAMENT CHAIR St Andrews Cupboard BLACKSTONE chair TABLE CUPBOARD CHARTER CHEST CLOCK pulpit Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, Orkney Europe, United Kingdom, England, London University of St Andrews MC:C48 Jones, David, ‘A sixteenth century oak cupboard at the University of St Andrews’ in Regional Furniture, IV, 1990, pp.71-80 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA, the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. HC:C47 47795 HC:C5 Silver Collection The silver collection contains around 500 items, dating from the 15th to the 21st centuries. These range from ceremonial pieces, such as the University's three medieval and three modern maces, to items used in a domestic context in the University's colleges and halls of residence, including 16th/17th century mazers (communal drinking vessels), 18th century spoons and 20th century cutlery and tableware. Among the Communion vessels are the St Leonard's College Communion Cup (1679-81) and 20th century pieces by Omar Ramsden. Sporting trophies include modern pieces and the relics of the Silver Arrow archery competition of the 17th and 18th centuries. Together, the collection provides important material evidence of the history and development of silver manufacture in Scotland and further afield, and the use of silver in an institutional and domestic context, within Scotland’s oldest University. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews silver fine art Decorative and Applied Art Mazers cups trophies spoons CUTLERY TABLEWARE Communion plate medals ARROWS maces Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, Edinburgh Europe, France Europe, Scotland University of St Andrews MC:C48 Dalgleish, George and Fothringham, Henry Steuart, Silver: Made in Scotland, exh. cat., National Museums of Scotland, Edinburgh, 2008 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA (the Museum of the University of St Andrews), the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. HC:C5 47795 HC:C55 Numismatics The numismatic collection consists of around 500 coins, 12,000 Communion tokens and 220 medals. The collection of Communion tokens is of national and international importance, containing material dating from the 17th to 20th centuries. It is comprehensive with regard to Scottish and Irish material. It also includes examples from virtually every Scottish emigrant community, thus charting the Scottish diaspora in England, Europe, Africa, Asia, the Americas and Australasia. It is one of the largest collections of Communion tokens in the UK and includes two important private collections formed early in the 20th century by two St Andrews alumni, Reverend A.A. Milne and Reverend A.R. Taylor, as well as several smaller collections, including that formed by St Mary’s College. The collection of coins includes nearly 100 classical coins, nearly 400 medieval coins (chiefly Edward I-II pennies from the Aberdeen 1886 hoard), and small numbers of oriental (ancient to modern) and modern western coins. The medals relate largely to the history of the University, ranging from class medals, given to individual students for academic achievements, to medals awarded to staff and alumni by external bodies, and medals struck to mark key events in the University’s history e.g. the 500th anniversary. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews Numismatics Coins medals Communion Token Coins medals Communion Token Scotland England Europe AFRICA ASIA Northern America IRELAND Australasia MILNE, A.A. TAYLOR, A.R. MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA, the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. HC:C55 47795 HC:C6 Maces The University has in its collection six maces, three medieval and three from the 20th and 21st centuries. The three medieval maces, the Mace of the Faculty of Arts (completed 1418-19), the Mace of the Faculty of Canon Law (mid-15th century) and the Mace of St Salvator’s College (1461) are of outstanding workmanship. The modern maces are: the Mace of the School of Medicine (1949, designed by C. d’O Pilkington Jackson), the University Mace (1958, designed by Leslie Durbin) and the Rector’s Mace (2002, designed by Donald Wintersgill). The Mace of the Faculty of Arts is thought to have been made in France. It is of silver, partly gilt, with a hexagonal head in three ascending tiers. The angels on the lowest tier support shields, while the second level has engraved, and originally enamelled, figures on each of the six panels. The Mace of the Faculty of Canon Law is not as fine as the Mace of the Faculty of Arts, though it is similar in design. It is thought to have been made in Scotland, using the Arts Mace as a model. It is of silver, partly gilt, with a hexagonal head in three ascending tiers. The lowest tier has an angel on each face. The Mace of St Salvator’s College is the most elaborate of the maces and was commissioned for the College by its founder, Bishop Kennedy, in 1461. The mace is of gilded silver, with a core of iron. The head takes the form of an intricate hexagonal shrine. In the centre, standing on a globe, is the figure of the Holy Saviour. There are three castellated projections from the shrine, each containing an angel facing the centre and bearing symbols of the Passion. Underneath these are three chained devils holding shields. On a level with these, and below the open sides of the shrine, are three figures of a king, a bishop and (probably) a merchant, representing the Three Estates of medieval Scotland. Six lions guard the base. The Maces are the physical representation of the University’s authority and are still in use today at graduation and other formal events, as the oldest maces have been since the 15th century. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews maces Mace of the Faculty of Canon Law ARTS ST SALVATOR'S COLLEGE Mace of St Salvator's College Mace of the Faculty of Arts MEDICINE RECTOR KENNEDY, BISHOP JAMES SCOTTISH HISTORY Decorative and Applied Art MACE Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews Europe, France, Paris Europe, France University of St Andrews HC:C5 Brook, Alexander, ‘An Account of the Maces of the Universities of St Andrews, Glasgow, Aberdeen, and Edinburgh, the College of Justice, the City of Edinburgh, &c’ in Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, XXVI, 1891-92, pp.440-514 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA (the Museum of the University of St Andrews), the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. HC:C6 47795 HC:C60 Textiles The textile collection consists of around 120 items. These relate mainly to the academic dress of the University of St Andrews. Other material includes a Sudanese costume thought to have been worn in the 1920s by an overseas student, and a Norwegian flag carried by the explorer and Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Fridtjof Nansen on the ‘Farthest North’ Arctic expedition of 1895, presented to the University during Nansen's Rectorship (1925-8). en-GB Collection University of St Andrews costume and textiles textiles SCOTTISH HISTORY ACADEMIC DRESS flag ACADEMIC COSTUME HOCKEY SHIRT rugby blazer GLOVES hockey blazer caps hoods gowns flag hats BIRRETUM Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland Europe, Norway Africa, Sudan Arctic University of St Andrews MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA (the Museum of the University of St Andrews), the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. HC:C60 47795 HC:C62 Miscellaneous material The Museum Collections of the University of St Andrews hold a variety of miscellaneous material, mainly in some way relating to its history. Objects include photographic equipment, musical instruments, an interesting group of caich balls, etc. The holding of this material represents how the University has long been viewed as an appropriate repository for interesting artefacts by alumni, friends and locals. The Museum Collections unit also occasionally takes responsibility for objects of material culture which originally came into the University archives (maintaned by the University Library) e.g. certain medals; prints; sculptural pieces and collections of artefacts relating to the ‘Beggar’s Benison’ and Wig Club’(whose papers are held by the archives), etc: careful attention is paid to documentation procedures to ensure that links between these objects and archival sources are retained, and that contextual information is not lost. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews SCOTTISH HISTORY musical instruments PHOTOGRAPHY CAICH Numismatics fine art Photographic equipment musical instrument caich ball Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews Europe, United Kingom, Scotland MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA (the Museum of the University of St Andrews), the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. HC:C62 47795 HC:C7 Mazers The University has two early Scottish mazers: the St Mary’s College Mazer produced by Alexander Auchinleck, Edinburgh, between 1552 and 1562 (which is the earliest fully hallmarked piece of Edinburgh silver) and the St Leonard’s College Mazer, which in its original form may date from the mid 16th to early 17th century. ‘Mazers’ are communal drinking cups. The college mazers would have been passed round the college dining tables at high occasions, such as feasts. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews Mazers silver ST MARY'S COLLEGE ST LEONARD'S COLLEGE AUCHINLECK, ALEXANDER SCOTTISH HISTORY fine art Decorative and Applied Art mazer Europe, United Kingdon, Scotland, St Andrews Europe, United Kingdon, Scotland, Edinburgh University of St Andrews HC:C11 Burns, Rev. Thomas, Old Scottish Communion Plate, Edinburgh, 1892; Finlay, Ian, Scottish Gold and Silver Work, London, 1956; Dalgleish, George and Fothringham, Henry Steuart, Silver: Made in Scotland, exh. cat., National Museums of Scotland, Edinburgh, 2008 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA (the Museum of the University of St Andrews), the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. HC:C7 47795 HC:C74 Communion Tokens The University's collection of communion tokens contains some 12,000 pieces, mainly from Scotland, but also from the rest of the world. It is thought to be the largest collection of Communion Tokens in the UK and was mainly collected during the early part of the 20th century. The collection can be broken down further into collectors: The Milne collection; this collection was donated to the University by Rev. A. A. Milne in the 1920s and numbers approximately 5720 tokens. The St Mary’s collection; the St Mary’s collection contains an estimated 2100 tokens collected by the Divinity Faculty of the University of St Andrews and centres on the parishes in and around St Andrews. The Taylor Collection; acquired in the early part of the 20th century and containing around 3314 pieces. The Shearer Collection, obtained by the University in 1966, and containing 439 tokens. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews Numismatics Communion Token Communion Tokens Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews Europe, United Kingom, Scotland Europe, United Kingdom, England University of St Andrews MILNE, A.A. TAYLOR, A.R. Shearer MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA, the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. HC:C74 47795 HC:C75 Coins The collection of over 500 coins covers a wide range chronologically and geographically. It includes nearly 100 classical coins, nearly 400 medieval coins (mainly Edward I-II pennies), and a small number of oriental (ancient to modern) and modern western coins. These coins were collected in the 19th century by the St Andrews Literary and Philosophical Society, so they reflect collecting interests of the period. A more recent acquisition of note is the collection of 90 Polish coins, covering the 16th to 20th centuries, given to the University by General Vladislav Sikorski when he was Prime Minister of the Polish Government in exile during World War II. This was in recognition of the University’s friendly relations with locally based Polish troops. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews;The St Andrews Literary and Philosophical Society Numismatics Coins Coins Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews Europe, Poland University of St Andrews The St Andrews Literary and Philosophical Society MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA (the Museum of the University of St Andrews), the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. HC:C75 47795 HC:C76 Medals The collection of around 220 medals is important for illustrating the history of higher education in Scotland. The majority are University class medals, illustrating the achievement of individual students in different subjects, and notably of women students from an early period after their admission to St Andrews. There are also many prestigious medals awarded to staff for their research, including key figures in the history of the arts and sciences, such as Professors D'Arcy Thompson and James Irvine. Some medals relate directly to the history of Scotland's oldest University, e.g. those given by other institutions for its 500th anniversary. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews Numismatics medals medals Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews Europe, United Kingom, Scotland University of St Andrews MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA (the Museum of the University of St Andrews), the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. HC:C76 47795 HC:C77 Academic dress The University of St Andrews has a large collection of gowns and other items of academic dress, illustrating the forms and history of the academic dress of Scotland's oldest university from the Victorian period onwards. As such, it forms part of a nationally distributed body of evidence relating to the history and development of ceremonial attire in Scotland. The collection features the gowns of prominent or renowned individuals, including the Duke of Windsor and Sir Robert Robertson, chief government chemist during the Second World War, as well as celebrated members of the academic staff, and examples of the famous red gown worn by undergraduates. It contains material relating to the admission of women to the University, e.g. an early ‘Lady Literate in Arts’ sash, the L.L.A. being a pioneering course to enable women to participate in higher education. The University also holds the birretum (cap) used for generations in the formal graduation 'capping' ceremony. This is unlikely to be made from the remnants of John Knox's breeches, as popularly reputed, but would more feasibly seem to be the cap made in 1696 for John Arbuthnot (author of John Bull), the first known recipient of the Doctorate in Medicine. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews costume and textiles textiles EDUCATION ACADEMIC DRESS GOWN CASSOCK SASH TRENCHER cap BIRRETUM HOOD Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland University of St Andrews MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA (the Museum of the University of St Andrews), the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. HC:C77 47795 HC:C78 Architectural drawings Most of the architectural drawings owned by the University of St Andrews are held in the Special Collections department, University Library. However, a small number are held in the Museum Collections, most notably six watercolour sketches, or cartoons, by Douglas Strachan for a new scheme of stained glass windows to be installed in St Salvator's Chapel, produced 1939/40 in preparation for the work. In total, six cartoons survive and are held by the University's Museum Collections. However, the project was cancelled and the planned windows were never installed. There is also a preparatory watercolour study by Gordon M. Webster for a window in centre of the apse of St. Salvator's Chapel: The Crucifixion, dating from c. 1921-31. This window was created and installed. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews Art CARTOON ARCHITECTURE fine art Decorative and Applied Art drawings ARCHITECTURE Europe, United Kingdom, England Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland University of St Andrews MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA (the Museum of the University of St Andrews), the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. HC:C78 47795 HC:C8 Archery Medals The Silver Arrow archery competition was held annually in the University of St Andrews from about 1618 to the 1750s. Each year before the competition the medals of previous victors were attached to silver arrows and paraded down to the Bow Butts, the archery range. Three silver arrows and seventy medals survive. Each medal is unique, though most bear the coat of arms of the victor on the obverse and the figure of an archer on the reverse. Some bear a Latin quotation, expressing the winner's attitude to his triumph. Each medal was paid for by the winner, and may reflect his wealth, learning and social position. Several winners of the Silver Arrow competition became, in later life, key figures in the social, cultural, intellectual, scientific and / or political development of Scotland. For example, James Graham, later 1st Marquis of Montrose (victor 1628), Captain General of Charles I's forces in Scotland and Archibald Campbell, later 1st Marquis of Argyll (1623), who was one of the leaders of the opposing side in the Civil War; Alexander Robertson of Struan (1687), a prominent Jacobite; and William Murray, later Marquis of Tullibardine (1706), who unfurled Bonnie Prince Charlie's standard at Glenfinnan in 1745. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews medal silver ST ANDREWS SILVER ARROW COMPETITION SPORT ARCHERY SCOTTISH HISTORY Numismatics medal Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, Edinburgh University of St Andrews MC:C48 Brook, Alexander J.S., ‘An Account of the Archery Medals belonging to the University of St Andrews and the Grammar School of Aberdeen’ in Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, XXVIII, 1893-94, pp.343-469 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA (the Museum of the University of St Andrews), the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. HC:C8 47795 HC:C85 Stained Glass The Museum Collections of the University of St Andrews contain various pieces of stained glass relating to the history and architecture of the University. For example early examples of stained glass, possibly originally associated with St Mary's College. A memorial window dedicated to Thomas Chalmers (who led the Disruption of the Church of Scotland in 1843), made by Hardman & Co., Birmingham, about 1862, was originally installed in St Salvator's Chapel, but removed about 1960: it can now be viewed in Gallery 3 of MUSA, the Museum of the University of St Andrews. Other examples of stained glass, not formally a part of the Museum Collections, can be found around the University, for example the magnificent windows of St Salvator's Chapel. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews Decorative and Applied Art SCOTTISH HISTORY ARCHITECTURE stained glass stained glass WINDOW Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland University of St Andrews MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA (the Museum of the University of St Andrews), the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. HC:C85 47795 HC:C86 War Medals A small but significant section of the University of St Andrews medal collection is the war medals, most presented to D Craik and subsequently donated to the University. The medals relate to both the First and Second World Wars. They include: 1. 1914-15 Star. 2. Distinguished Flying Cross. 3. British War Medal 1914-18. 4. Allied Victory Medal 1914-19. 5. Indian General Service Medal (2nd issue). 6. 1939-1945 Star. 7. Africa Star. 8. Italy Star. 9. The Defence Medal, 1939-45. 10. George VI Medal, 1939-45. All the above presented to D. Craik 11. Allied Victory Medal (Private W Sutherland). en-GB Collection University of St Andrews numismatic WAR medal medal Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland University of St Andrews MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA (the Museum of the University of St Andrews), the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. HC:C86 47795 HC:C87 Class Medals There is a large collection of Class medals held by the University of St Andrews. A class medal was awarded to an outstanding student in a particular subject. Many of these medals have been donated back to the University either by the recipient or their family. Most of the subjects taught at St Andrews are represented including History, German, French, Chemistry, Mathematics, Economics, Hebrew, Zoology, Anatomy and Physics. Also present are medals sponsored or named in recognition of a particular person such as the zoologist D’Arcy Thompson or the Tullis medal, for Mathematics, founded in 1876 by William Tullis, a former student. A small selection of class medals from the University of Edinburgh make up part of the collection. They are mainly for Anatomy and cover the years 1857 to 1860. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews Numismatics medal medal Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews Europe, United Kingom, Scotland Europe, United Kingdom, England University of St Andrews MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA (the Museum of the University of St Andrews), the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. HC:C87 47795 HC:C88 Medals presented to the University of St Andrews and its staff As well as giving medals the University of St Andrews has received many from other institutions. Among the medals presented to the University are those given to mark its 500th anniversary in 1911. Other medals were presented to the University of St Andrews by academic institutions to mark their own anniversaries. A medal marking the 500th anniversary of the birth of Copernicus was presented as a token of co-operation between the University of St Andrews and the Jagellonian University in Poland. Medals presented to individual staff members are also held in the University's Museum Collections. For example, a gold medal presented by the Royal Society to James Colquhoun Irvine for chemical research, and a prize medal of the Linnean Society presented to the natural historian William Carmichael McIntosh. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews Numismatics medal medal Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews Europe, United Kingom, Scotland University of St Andrews MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA (the Museum of the University of St Andrews), the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. HC:C88 47795 HC:C9 Sporting Trophies The University has a large collection of sporting trophies, mainly cups, which date from the late 19th century until the late 20th century. They are presented to winners of a variety of sports including golf, badminton, athletics and swimming. Some were gifted to the University to commemorate former students, for example the Boyd Quaich for golf, given in memory of the two brothers Quentin Douglas Boyd and Anthony Boyd, both former students of St Andrews, who were killed in action in the Second World War. Others were given by individuals for example the Moodie Trophy for rugby which was presented to the University by Dr A.R. Moodie in 1957. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews silver trophies SPORT cups BOYD SCOTTISH HISTORY trophies Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews University of St Andrews MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA (the Museum of the University of St Andrews), the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. HC:C9 47795 MC:C48 Museum Collections The Museum Collections of the University of St Andrews relate to the University of St Andrews, its history, personalities and teaching and research fields. The collections have been forming since shortly after the University was founded, as the first university in Scotland, between 1410 and 1414. Today, the Collections contain approximately 112,300 objects, encompassing the fields of fine and applied art, silver, furniture, numismatics and archaeology (the 'Heritage Collections'); ethnographic and Amerindian material; anatomy and pathology; chemistry; psychology; historic scientific instruments; geology; and, in the Bell Pettigrew Museum, zoology. The Museum Collections are strongly supported by archival and documentary evidence, held by the Special Collections Department (muniments, rare books, photographs, manuscripts and archives) of the University Library. In the National Audit of Scotland's museums (2002), the Museum Collections were identified as 13th largest in the country in terms of holdings of items of international, UK and national significance. The Chemistry Collection, Heritage Collections and Collection of Historic Scientific Instruments are Recognised Collections of National Significance. They have been formally acknowledged as of great importance to the life and culture of Scotland, through the Recognition scheme established by the Scottish Government and administered by Museums Galleries Scotland. Additions to the Museum Collections are made in accordance with our formal Acquisitions and Disposal Policy. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews archives EDUCATION costume and textiles FURNITURE SCOTTISH HISTORY world archaeology Numismatics non-western ethnography SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS ANATOMY AND PATHOLOGY psychology ZOOLOGY GEOLOGY PHYSICS CHEMISTRY fine art Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews Europe, United Kingom, Scotland University of St Andrews 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA (the Museum of the University of St Andrews), the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. MC:C48 47795 MSAM:C106 Stereo Atlas plates Around 150 plates for an anatomical Stereo Atlas are held. Unfortunately the original Stereo Viewer does not survive, but the actual photos remain in a reasonable condition. Some of them are mounted on card with a description of what they show. The Stereo Atlas was produced in Edinburgh. Due to the nature of the Anatomy and Pathology Collection, access is subject to legal restrictions, and is by appointment only to legitimate enquirers. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews ANATOMY AND PATHOLOGY Health and medicine MEDICINE stereo atlas Stereo Atlas plates Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, Edinburgh Europe, United Kingdon, Scotland, St Andrews University of St Andrews MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA, the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. MSAM:C106 47795 MSAM:C107 Surgical Instruments The Anatomy and Pathologyu Collection includes a number of surgical instruments, many of which have been donated to the University by retiring Doctors. The instruments cover specialities including General Surgery, Dentistry, Ear Nose and Throat, Orthopaedic and Obstetric/ Gynaecology. There is also a collection of instruments used by General Practioners from the 1930s and 1940s including a female GP’s bag complete with instruments and personal items. Due to the nature of the Anatomy and Pathology Collection, access is subject to legal restrictions, and is by appointment only to legitimate enquirers. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews ANATOMY AND PATHOLOGY medical instruments Health and Medcine MEDICINE SURGERY INSTRUMENT Surgical Instruments Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews University of St Andrews MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA, the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. MSAM:C107 47795 MSAM:C108 Radiographs The Anatomy and Pathology Collection contains a collection of approximately 1500 radiographs given to the School of Medicine by the National Health Service. The collection contains mainly x-ray films dating from the 1950s and covering all skeletal areas of the body. There are also some newer CT and MRI images which are used, alongside the x-rays, as a teaching tool. Due to the nature of the Anatomy and Pathology Collection, access is subject to legal restrictions, and is by appointment only to legitimate enquirers. en-GB Collection ANATOMY AND PATHOLOGY radiograph TEACHING Health and medicine Radiographs Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA, the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. MSAM:C108 47795 MSAM:C109 Bottled Specimans The Anatomy and Pathology Collection contains an extensive collection of bottled specimens which are used for teaching and research purposes. One of the highlights of this collection is a series, illustrating congenital heart defects, collected and donated by Dr Walmsley between 1946 and 1960. Due to the nature of the Anatomy and Pathology Collection, access is subject to legal restrictions, and is by appointment only to legitimate enquirers. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews ANATOMY AND PATHOLOGY TEACHING Health and medicine SPECIMEN HEART Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews University of St Andrews MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA, the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. MSAM:C109 47795 MSAM:C61 Anatomy and Pathology Collection The Anatomy and Pathology Collection contains over 5000 items, mainly gross wet and dry specimens, but also surgical instruments, wax and plastinated models, and teaching charts, some of the latter being produced by local artists. Particular highlights include the collection of incredibly detailed wax models of specific parts of the body, produced by companies such as Tramond of Paris in the late 19th century. The collections also contain material such as the nine original watercolour drawings of a progressive dissection of the trunk and inguinal regions, produced by David Waterston, Professor of Anatomy 1940-42, and artist J.T. Murray, and published as plates in the standard anatomical textbook, Anatomy in the Living Model, London, 1931. The marks of pins, inserted to produce the highly accurate measurements, are still visible. The Collection, including the historical wax models, is used for teaching in University's School of Medicine. It illustrates the development of teaching and research in the field of anatomy at the University of St Andrews, and is of professional interest to anatomists generally. Due to the nature of the collections, access is subject to legal restrictions, and is by appointment only to legitimate enquirers. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews ANATOMY AND PATHOLOGY wax model MEDICINE EDUCATION medical instruments Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews Europe, United Kingom, Scotland University of St Andrews MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA, the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. MSAM:C61 47795 MSAM:C70 Anatomy Teaching Charts The Anatomy and Pathology Collection contains approximately 70 teaching charts. These were used to illustrate the anatomy of different parts of the body for teaching purposes, and were displayed in the School of Medicine. Most are signed by either Fred D Stewart or M H Kidston. Due to the nature of the Anatomy and Pathology Collection, access is subject to legal restrictions, and is by appointment only to legitimate enquirers. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews ANATOMY AND PATHOLOGY teaching chart MEDICINE EDUCATION Health and medicine Charts Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews University of St Andrews MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA, the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. MSAM:C70 47795 MSAM:C71 Anatomical Models The Anatomy and Pathology Collection contains over 90 wax and plaster models of specific parts of the body. These were produced by companies such as Tramond of Paris and Fredrich Ziegler of Germany in the late 19th century or early 20th century. Highly detailed, they form an valuable resource for teaching anatomy, and are still used for this purposer today. The models show diffferent parts of the body, such as a dissected hand or face, and also illustrate bodily processes such as the development of a foetus in the womb. Due to the nature of the Anatomy and Pathology Collection, access is subject to legal restrictions, and is by appointment only to legitimate enquirers. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews ANATOMY AND PATHOLOGY model TEACHING WAX MEDICINE EDUCATION Health and medicine models Europe, United Kingdon, Scotland, St Andrews Europe,Paris Europe, Germany University of St Andrews MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA, the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. MSAM:C71 47795 MSAM:C72 Anatomical art The Anatomy and Pathology Collection contains several watercolours and prints illustrating anatomy. These include nine original watercolour plates illustrating a progressive dissection of the trunk and inguinal region (upper part of legs) as various layers are removed. The first plate of the series depicts the superficial muscles and the final plate the skeleton. There are also seven watercolurs illustrating a progressive dissection of the head and neck. Both sets were published in 'Anatomy in the Living Model' (London, 1931), a work aimed at medical students. The author, David Waterston, Professor of Anatomy in the University of St Andrews 1914-1942, carried out the dissections and created the outline drawings, which were shaded and coloured by J.T. Murray. Due to the nature of the Anatomy and Pathology Collection, access is subject to legal restrictions, and is by appointment only to legitimate enquirers. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews ANATOMY AND PATHOLOGY Art DISSECTION EDUCATION Health and medicine prints drawings Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews University of St Andrews MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA, the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. MSAM:C72 47795 MSAM:C73 Bones There are 10 skeletons, around 40 mounted bony specimens, approximately 2000 individual bones and 71 skulls in the Anatomy and Pathology collection. Other material of related interest includes a cast of the skull of Bishop James Kennedy, founder of St Salvator's College (died 1465). The skulls represent both sexes and various age groups and races. Of particular note are the skulls of Inca origin, some of which bear evidence of the practice of binding the head in childhood to produce a distorted appearance. Due to the nature of the Anatomy and Pathology Collection, access is subject to legal restrictions, and is by appointment only to legitimate enquirers. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews ANATOMY AND PATHOLOGY EDUCATION bone SKULL SKELETON Bones SKULL SKELETON Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews SOUTH AMERICA University of St Andrews MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA, the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. MSAM:C73 47795 PH:C59 Historic Scientific Instruments The Collection of Historic Scientific Instruments is a Recognised Collection of National Significance. The Collection comprises over 500 items illustrating the history of teaching and research in Natural Philosophy, Physics and Astronomy and the physical sciences in the University over a period of five centuries. The Collection provides important material evidence of the history and development of science and scientific instrument making in Scotland and beyond. Certain items are of international importance and renown, among them the 'Great Astrolabe' (1575) and Universal Instrument (1582) made by Humphrey Cole of London; three pendulum clocks by Joseph Knibb of London (1673), one of which may be the earliest split seconds clock; and an exceptionally large mariner's astrolabe, made by Elias Allen, London, 1616, all thought to have been purchased for the University c.1673 by James Gregory (the University's first Professor of Mathematics and inventor of the reflecting telescope) during an attempt to found in St Andrews what would have been Britain's first observatory. Some other instruments are also associated with prominent scientists, for example a microscope by Andrew Ross & Co., London, purchased in 1840 for the optical specialist Sir David Brewster (then Principal of the United College). Many of the objects have been preserved in the continuous ownership of the University for centuries. This custodianship reflects the University's own sense of the importance of these objects, as scientific instruments and as museum pieces, and its role in preserving them as intrinsic elements of its own history, and that of the nation. In many cases, the instruments are supported by archival documentation in the University Library's, Special Collections department. Other instruments of particular interest include: Model Watt beam engine, c. 1824 Circumferentor, ?Netherlands, early 17th century Gregorian reflecting telescope made by James Short, 1736 Microscope belonging to Sir David Brewster, made by Andrew Ross and Co, London, c. 1840 Sundial (Oughtred’s double horizontal dial) made by Hilkiah Bedford, London, c. 1660-80 Telescope of the Galilean refracting type, mid 17th century, associated with James Gregory Orrery made by Benjamin Cole, London, c. 1750 Cometarium made by R. Fidler, London, c. 1810 en-GB Collection University of St Andrews SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS science NATURAL PHILOSOPHY PHYSICS ASTRONOMY INSTRUMENT EDUCATION GREAT ASTROLABE TELESCOPE UNIVERSAL INSTRUMENT MICROSCOPE SUNDIAL BEAM ENGINE CLOCK CIRCUMFERENTOR Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews Europe, United Kingom, Scotland Europe, United Kingdom, England, London University of St Andrews MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA, the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. PH:C59 47795 PH:C89 James Gregory James Gregory (1638-75) was one of the most brilliant scientists of the 17th century. In Optica Promota (published 1663) he gave the first description of a reflecting telescope. Through a combination of lenses and mirrors, reflecting telescopes allowed greater magnification to be obtained with instruments of shorter length than was possible with refracting telescopes, which used lenses alone. Gregory is also credited, with Newton, Leibniz and Barrow, as a principal discoverer of the differential calculus. In 1668, when Charles II established a Chair of Mathematics at the University of St Andrews, Gregory was appointed as the first Professor. Gregory planned to establish an observatory in St Andrews which, if completed, would have been the first in Britain. Correspondence between Gregory and John Flamsteed, later the first Astronomer Royal at Greenwich, records Gregory’s commissioning of three clocks - two regulator clocks and, more importantly, an early split seconds clock - from the renowned London maker, Joseph Knibb, in 1673: these remain within the University and are of undoubted national and international importance. Gregory is also thought to have acquired two of the finest extant Elizabethan scientific instruments: the Great Astrolabe and the Universal Instrument, dated 1575 and 1582 respectively, made by the important London maker Humphrey Cole. Other material associated with Gregory includes an additional plate for the Great Astrolabe, produced by John Marke, London, in the 1670s, with a latitude close to that of St Andrews; a mariner’s astrolabe by Elias Allen, 1616, unusual in being one of the largest known examples, and also in being both signed and dated by its maker; a 17th century Dutch circumferentor; a rare sundial, an example of Oughtred’s double horizontal dial, produced by Hilkiah Bedford c. 1660-80; and a parchment refracting telescope of the mid-17th century believed to have been used by Gregory himself en-GB Collection University of St Andrews SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS PHYSICS ASTRONOMY INSTRUMENT NATURAL PHILOSOPHY science GREGORY, JAMES TELESCOPE ASTROLABE UNIVERSAL INSTRUMENT CIRCUMFERENTOR CLOCK SUNDIAL Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews Europe, United Kingom, Scotland Europe, United Kingdon, England, London GREGORY, James MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA, the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. PH:C89 47795 PH:C90 18th century Scientific Instruments The University of St Andrews has within its Collection of Historic Scientific Instruments various items which were purchased in the 18th century. These include a reflecting telescope made by James Short of Edinburgh, 1736; and a fine orrery by Benjamin Cole of London, about 1750. An inventory of the instruments and apparatus belonging to the Natural Philosophy class, made in 1797, survives in the University's archives. It lists over 200 instruments (United College Minutes, 4 March 1797). en-GB Collection SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS PHYSICS science NATURAL PHILOSOPHY INSTRUMENT ASTRONOMY ORRERY TELESCOPE Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, Edinburgh Europe, United Kingdom, England, London MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA, the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. PH:C90 47795 PH:C91 19th century Scientific Instruments The rapid advances in Natural Philosophy (Physics) of the previous centuries continued in the 19th century. Sir David Brewster, Principal of the University of St Andrews’s United College, 1838-1859, was an eminent scientist of this period making important discoveries in the field of optics and explaining double refraction and polarization of light. He invented the kaleidoscope and lenticular stereoscope (examples of these are in the University's museum collections), both of which became sources of popular amusement in Victorian households. It was, however, in electricity and magnetism that natural philosophers across Europe were making the most significant developments. This is reflected in the equipment purchased during the 19th century at St Andrews. In the early part of the century the Natural Philosophy department acquired a Medical Electrical Machine and a Dry Pile Electroscope. Later, William Swan (Professor of Natural Philosophy 1859-80) compiled an inventory of the apparatus purchased during his professorship and this included Holtz’s Electrical Machine made by Ruhmkorff, Paris (1875), and a Quadrant Electrometer made by James White of Glasgow (1874). All these instruments are now in the Collection of Historic Scientific Instruments. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS PHYSICS NATURAL PHILOSOPHY INSTRUMENT ELECTRICITY STEREOSCOPE KALEIDOSCOPE dry pile electroscope medical electrical machine Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews Europe, United Kingom, Scotland Europe, United Kingdom, England Europe,Paris University of St Andrews MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA, the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. PH:C91 47795 PH:C92 20th century Scientific Instruments By the middle of the 20th century, the study of natural philosophy had long since fragmented into separate disciplines. Within the physical sciences, academic research was well established in separate Schools. In the fields of physics and astronomy, exciting new developments were in progress world wide. Many of the instruments from this period are still in use within the Physics and Astronomy department of the University of St Andrews, for both teaching and research. However, they are assessed for inclusion in the Collection of Historic Scientific Instruments as they come out of active use, allowing the Collection to grow and develop. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS PHYSICS ASTRONOMY INSTRUMENT Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews Europe, United Kingom, Scotland University of St Andrews MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA, the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. PH:C92 47795 PH:C93 Sir David Brewster Sir David Brewster (1781-1868) was one of the most eminent scientists of his period, and made many discoveries in the field of optics. The inventor of the kaleidoscope and the lenticular stereoscope, his name is immortalised in ‘Brewster’s Law’, which gives the angle at which light reflected from a surface is totally plane polarised. Brewster was Principal of the University’s United College, 1838-1859. Several items in the Collection of Historic Scientific Instruments are directly associated with him, including a microscope made by Andrew Ross and Co. of London about 1840, which he is known to have used, and a kaleidoscope made by Dollond, London, about 1850. An instrument in the Psychology Collection, Le Taxiphote, designed by Jules Richard, 1901, is a form of the refracting or lenticular stereoscope invented by Brewster in 1849. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS KALEIDOSCOPE MICROSCOPE PHYSICS ASTRONOMY TEACHING INSTRUMENT STEREOSCOPE KALEIDOSCOPE MICROSCOPE le taxiphote Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews Europe, United Kingom, Scotland University of St Andrews MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA, the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. PH:C93 47795 PH:C95 Optics The Collection of Historic Scientific Instruments of the University of St Andrews includes many instruments connected with optics. Among objects of particular note is a Gregorian Reflecting Telescope made by James Short in 1736, then the largest telescope he had made. There is a microscope used by Sir David Brewster (1781-1868) which was designed by Andrew Ross & Co. of London (a leading microscope manufacturer of the time). Brewster is chiefly remembered for his discoveries in optics, in particular for Brewster’s angle, the angle at which light reflected from a surface is totally plane-polarised. Brewster also invented the kaleidoscope; an example from about 1850, which may have been used by Brewster, is in the Collection. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS INSTRUMENT PHYSICS ASTRONOMY OPTICS TELESCOPE MICROSCOPE KALEIDOSCOPE MICROSCOPE KALEIDOSCOPE TELESCOPE Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews Europe, United Kingom, Scotland University of St Andrews MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA, the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. PH:C95 47795 PH:C96 Knibb Clocks James Gregory was the University of St Andrews's first Professor of Mathematics (1668-1674) and the inventor of the reflecting telescope. He planned to establish an observatory in St Andrews which, if completed, would have been the first in Britain. On 10 June 1673 he was instructed by the University 'to goe for London' and there purchase 'such instruments and utensils as he ... shall judge most necessary and usefull' for the observatory. He sought the advice of John Flamsteed, later the first Astronomer Royal at Greenwich: their correspondence records Gregory's purchase of one of the earliest split seconds clocks and two regulator clocks, all by the renowned clockmaker Joseph Knibb of London, to aid his observations. All three clocks remain in the University. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS CLOCK ASTRONOMY CLOCK Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews Europe, United Kingom, Scotland Europe, United Kingdom, England University of St Andrews GREGORY, James MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA, the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. PH:C96 47795 PH:C97 Navigation The Collection of Historic Scientific Instruments at the University of St Andrews includes several instruments relating to navigation. These include the 'Great Astrolabe' made by Humphrey Cole of London in 1575, a mariner's astrolabe made by Elias Allen, 1616, and a Davis backstaff. There are also various compasses. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS PHYSICS ASTRONOMY INSTRUMENT navigation GREAT ASTROLABE MARINER'S ASTROLABE backstaff Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews Europe, United Kingom, Scotland Europe, United Kingdom, England, London University of St Andrews MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA, the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. PH:C97 47795 PH:C98 Astronomy The Collection of Historic Scieintific Instruments at the University of St Andrews contains many objects connected to astronomy. In 1673 James Gregory, Professor of Mathematics at St Andrews, obtained the University’s consent to set up an observatory, and travelled to London to obtain instruments and apparatus for this purpose. His purchases probably included the magnificent Great Astrolabe (1575) and Universal Instrument (1582) by Humphrey Cole, both of which could be used for astronomical purposes and remain in the collections to this day. Gregory left St Andrews for a post at the University of Edinburgh before the observatory was complete, and it was probably never brought into use. Gregory also purchased three clocks made by Joseph Knibb of London: two regulators and one split seconds clock. When Professors David Young and Charles Gregory made observations of the solar eclipse on 18 February 1737, they used the clocks. A reflecting telescope by James Short, the pre-eminent telescope maker of the period, was bought in 1736. A meridian line appears to have been laid down in the University Library in 1748, by Thomas Short, who founded Edinburgh's Calton Hill Observatory. The astronomical collections have continued to grow, and now include 19th and 20th century material relating to astronomical research and observations at St Andrews. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS PHYSICS ASTRONOMY CLOCK ASTROLABE meridian line Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland Europe, United Kingdom, England GREGORY, James University of St Andrews MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA (the Museum of the University of St Andrews), the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. PH:C98 47795 PH:C99 Surveying The University of St Andrews has several objects connected to surveying in its Collection of Historic Scientific Instruments. These include a theodolite dating from the early 19th century and an alt-azimuth instrument made in Edinburgh by Adie & Son, about 1840. The alt-azimuth instrument consists of a telescope with a right-angle eyepiece which can be rotated horizontally and vertically so as to measure the altitude and azimuth of a distant object. en-GB Collection Unoiversity of St Andrews SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS PHYSICS Surveying Alt-Azimuth Instrument theodolite Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, Edinburgh University of St Andrews MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA, the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. PH:C99 47795 PS:C57 Psychology The Psychology Collection comprises around 100 objects, mainly 19th and 20th century equipment and apparatus used in Psychology teaching and research in the University. The Psychology Department was one of the first university psychology departments to be established in Britain. As such, the collection comprises material evidence of the history and development of the subject. Some early items such as the 'Taxiphote' (made by Jules Richard, France, c.1901), a form of stereoscope, are developments of the work of prominent St Andrews figures, such as Principal David Brewster, a pioneer in the field of optics. Other pieces of equipment have a particular relationship to St Andrews, being constructed on site by technicians. en-GB Collection University of St Andrews psychology science SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS TAXIPHOTE steroscope Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland, St Andrews Europe, United Kingom, Scotland Europe, France MC:C48 47795 The University of St Andrews has 3 museum venues: MUSA, the Gateway Galleries (temporary exhibition venue) and the Bell Pettigrew Museum (zoology). See webpage for opening times. Access to stored collections by appointment. PS:C57 47795